Nwaji Azubuike Raphael, Arieri Onikisateinba, Anyang Annabel Sharon, Nguedia Kaze, Abiade Etomi Barbara, Forcados Gilead Ebiegberi, Oladipo Olusola Olalekan, Makama Sunday, Elisha Ishaku Leo, Ozele Nonyelim, Gotep Jurbe Gofwan
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Department of Industrial Chemistry and Petrochemical Technology, Faculty of Science Laboratory, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria.
Sci One Health. 2023 Mar 7;1:100013. doi: 10.1016/j.soh.2023.100013. eCollection 2022 Nov.
The One Health concept considers the interconnectivity, interactions and interdependence of humans, animals and the environment. Humans, animals and other organisms are constantly exposed to a wide range of natural toxins present in the environment. Thus, there is growing concern about the potential detrimental effects that natural toxins could pose to achieve One Health. Interestingly, alkaloids, steroids and bioactive peptides obtained from natural toxins could be used for the development of therapeutic agents.
Our literature search focused on the following keywords; toxins, One Health, microbial toxins, mycotoxins, phytotoxins, phycotoxins, insect toxins and toxin effects. Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science were the search engines used to obtain primary databases. We chose relevant full-text articles and review papers published in English language only. The research was done between July 2022 and January 2023.
Natural toxins are poisonous substances comprising bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms, invertebrates, plants and animals. These compounds possess diverse structures and differ in biological function and toxicity, posing risks to human and animal health through the contamination of the environment, causing disease or death in certain cases. Findings from the articles reviewed revealed that effects of natural toxins on animals and humans gained more attention than the impact of natural toxins on the environment and lower organisms, irrespective of the significant roles that lower organisms play to maintain ecosystem balance. Also, systematic approaches for toxin control in the environment and utilization for beneficial purposes are inadequate in many regions. Remarkably, bioactive compounds present in natural toxins have potential for the development of therapeutic agents. These findings suggest that global, comprehensive and coordinated efforts are required for improved management of natural toxins through an interdisciplinary, One Health approach.
Adopting a One Health approach is critical to addressing the effects of natural toxins on the health of humans, animals and the environment.
“同一健康”概念考虑了人类、动物和环境之间的相互联系、相互作用和相互依存关系。人类、动物和其他生物不断接触环境中存在的多种天然毒素。因此，人们越来越关注天然毒素可能对实现“同一健康”造成的潜在有害影响。有趣的是，从天然毒素中获得的生物碱、类固醇和生物活性肽可用于开发治疗药物。
我们的文献检索集中在以下关键词；毒素、同一健康、微生物毒素、霉菌毒素、植物毒素、藻毒素、昆虫毒素和毒素影响。谷歌学术、科学Direct、PubMed和科学网是用于获取原始数据库的搜索引擎。我们仅选择以英文发表的相关全文文章和综述论文。研究于2022年7月至2023年1月进行。
天然毒素是由微生物、无脊椎动物、植物和动物产生的含有生物活性化合物的有毒物质。这些化合物具有多样的结构，生物功能和毒性各不相同，通过环境污染对人类和动物健康构成风险，在某些情况下会导致疾病或死亡。综述文章的研究结果表明，天然毒素对动物和人类的影响比其对环境和低等生物的影响受到更多关注，尽管低等生物在维持生态系统平衡方面发挥着重要作用。此外，许多地区在环境毒素控制和有益利用的系统方法方面存在不足。值得注意的是，天然毒素中存在的生物活性化合物具有开发治疗药物的潜力。这些发现表明，需要通过跨学科的“同一健康”方法进行全球、全面和协调的努力，以改善天然毒素的管理。
采用“同一健康”方法对于应对天然毒素对人类、动物健康和环境的影响至关重要。
