College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
PeerJ. 2022 Aug 4;10:e13850. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13850. eCollection 2022.
Fungal contamination of animal feed can severely affect the health of farm animals, and result in considerable economic losses. Certain filamentous fungi or molds produce toxic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, of which aflatoxins (AFTs) are considered the most critical dietary risk factor for both humans and animals. AFTs are ubiquitous in the environment, soil, and food crops, and aflatoxin B(AFB) has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most potent natural group 1A carcinogen. We reviewed the literature on the toxic effects of AFB in humans and animals along with its toxicokinetic properties. The damage induced by AFB in cells and tissues is mainly achieved through cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. In addition, numerous coding genes and non-coding RNAs have been identified that regulate AFB toxicity. This review is a summary of the current research on the complexity of AFB toxicity, and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms as well as the phenotypic characteristics.
动物饲料的真菌污染会严重影响农场动物的健康，并导致巨大的经济损失。某些丝状真菌或霉菌会产生有毒的次级代谢产物，称为霉菌毒素，其中黄曲霉毒素（AFTs）被认为是人类和动物饮食中最关键的风险因素之一。AFTs 在环境、土壤和粮食作物中普遍存在，世界卫生组织（WHO）已将黄曲霉毒素 B（AFB）确定为最具潜力的天然 1A 类致癌物之一。我们综述了 AFB 在人类和动物中的毒性作用及其毒代动力学特性的相关文献。AFB 诱导细胞和组织损伤主要通过细胞周期停滞和细胞增殖抑制，以及诱导细胞凋亡、氧化应激、内质网（ER）应激和自噬来实现。此外，已经鉴定出许多编码基因和非编码 RNA 来调节 AFT 毒性。本综述总结了当前对 AFB 毒性复杂性的研究，为分子机制和表型特征提供了深入的见解。
