García-García Isabel, Grisotto Giorgia, Heini Adrian, Gibertoni Simone, Nusslé Sébastien, Gonseth Nusslé Semira, Donica Olga
Clinique la Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Vaud, Switzerland.
Genknowme SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Aging. 2024 Jul 15;5:1417625. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1417625. eCollection 2024.
Nutrition has powerful impacts on our health and longevity. One of the mechanisms by which nutrition might influence our health is by inducing epigenetic modifications, modulating the molecular mechanisms that regulate aging. Observational studies have provided evidence of a relationship between nutrition and differences in DNA methylation. However, these studies are limited in that they might not provide an accurate control of the interactions between different nutrients, or between nutrition and other lifestyle behaviors. Here we systematically reviewed clinical studies examining the impact of nutrition strategies on DNA methylation. We examined clinical studies in community-dwelling adults testing the effects of nutrition interventions on i) global DNA methylation and its proxies, and ii) epigenetic clocks. We included 21 intervention studies that focused on the effects of healthy nutrition patterns, specific foods or nutrients, as well as the effect of multivitamin or multimineral supplements. In four studies on the methylation effects of healthy dietary patterns, as defined by being rich in vegetables, fruits, whole-grains, and nuts and reduced in the intake of added sugars, saturated fat, and alcohol, two of them suggested that a healthy diet, is associated with lower epigenetic age acceleration, one of them reported increases in global DNA methylation, while another one found no diet effects. Studies examining epigenetic effects of specific foods, nutrients, or mixtures of nutrients were scarce. For both folic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the available independent studies produced conflicting findings. Although more evidence is still needed to draw firm conclusions, results begin to suggest that healthy dietary patterns have positive effects on DNA methylation. Additional evidence from large randomized-controlled clinical trials is needed to support the effects of healthy nutrition on the DNA methylome.
营养对我们的健康和寿命有着强大的影响。营养可能影响我们健康的机制之一是通过诱导表观遗传修饰，调节控制衰老的分子机制。观察性研究已经提供了营养与DNA甲基化差异之间关系的证据。然而，这些研究存在局限性，因为它们可能无法准确控制不同营养素之间，或营养与其他生活方式行为之间的相互作用。在此，我们系统地回顾了检验营养策略对DNA甲基化影响的临床研究。我们考察了针对社区居住成年人的临床研究，这些研究测试了营养干预对以下两方面的影响：i）全基因组DNA甲基化及其替代指标，以及ii）表观遗传时钟。我们纳入了21项干预研究，这些研究聚焦于健康营养模式、特定食物或营养素的影响，以及多种维生素或多种矿物质补充剂的影响。在四项关于健康饮食模式甲基化效应的研究中，健康饮食模式定义为富含蔬菜、水果、全谷物和坚果，同时减少添加糖、饱和脂肪和酒精的摄入，其中两项研究表明健康饮食与较低的表观遗传年龄加速有关，一项研究报告全基因组DNA甲基化增加，而另一项研究未发现饮食有影响。考察特定食物、营养素或营养素混合物表观遗传效应的研究很少。对于叶酸和多不饱和脂肪酸，现有的独立研究结果相互矛盾。尽管仍需要更多证据才能得出确凿结论，但结果开始表明健康的饮食模式对DNA甲基化有积极影响。需要来自大型随机对照临床试验的更多证据来支持健康营养对DNA甲基组的影响。
