Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 5;13:866059. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866059. eCollection 2022.
Diet is an important lifestyle factor that is known to contribute in the development of human disease. It is well established that poor diet plays an active role in exacerbating metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Our understanding of how the immune system drives chronic inflammation and disease pathogenesis has evolved in recent years. However, the contribution of dietary factors to inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and arthritis remain poorly defined. A western diet has been associated as pro-inflammatory, in contrast to traditional dietary patterns that are associated as being anti-inflammatory. This may be due to direct effects of nutrients on immune cell function. Diet may also affect the composition and function of gut microbiota, which consequently affects immunity. In animal models of inflammatory disease, diet may modulate inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and in other peripheral sites. Despite limitations of animal models, there is now emerging evidence to show that anti-inflammatory effects of diet may translate to human gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases. However, appropriately designed, larger clinical studies must be conducted to confirm the therapeutic benefit of dietary therapy.
饮食是一个重要的生活方式因素，已知它会导致人类疾病的发生。饮食不良在加剧代谢性疾病（如肥胖症、糖尿病和高血压）方面起着积极作用，这一点已得到充分证实。近年来，我们对免疫系统如何驱动慢性炎症和疾病发病机制的理解已经发展。然而，饮食因素对炎症性疾病（如炎症性肠病、多发性硬化症和关节炎）的贡献仍未得到明确界定。西方饮食被认为具有促炎作用，而传统饮食模式则被认为具有抗炎作用。这可能是由于营养素对免疫细胞功能的直接影响。饮食还可能影响肠道微生物群的组成和功能，从而影响免疫。在炎症性疾病的动物模型中，饮食可能会调节胃肠道和其他外周部位的炎症。尽管动物模型存在局限性，但现在有越来越多的证据表明，饮食的抗炎作用可能转化为人类胃肠道和炎症性疾病。然而，必须进行设计合理的更大规模的临床研究，以确认饮食疗法的治疗益处。
