Nguyen Hang, Jeon-Slaughter Haekyung
Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA.
VA North Texas Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022 May 18;23(5):182. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2305182. eCollection 2022 May.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States, and women are experiencing more strokes at younger ages than men. Despite accumulating evidence of increased burden of heart disease among women, there is little data on gender difference in heart disease-related mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study extracted the data of weekly number of deaths between January 2017 and December 2020 from the United States Center for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) mortality and morbidity data, modified to a monthly scale. Stratified by gender, the study applied the Farrington method on monthly data to calculate excess number of deaths. Excess heart disease-related deaths were observed in March and July 2020 for both males and females.
While the overall number of heart disease-related deaths was higher in men than women among US population 75 years old, a greater rate increase of heart disease-related deaths in 2020 from 2019 was observed among women than men. This increased burden was more pronounced among young women 25 years old. A similar pattern of excess deaths caused by underlying heart disease condition was observed for both genders during COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, increase in heart disease-related death burden in 2020 from 2019 was greater amongst females than males. This may be partially accounted for by deferred cardiovascular care and prevention amongst women during the pandemic.
While no gender difference was observed in excess deaths caused by underlying heart disease condition, females faced a greater increase in heart disease-related death burden during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic than males.
背景/目的：心脏病是美国女性的主要死因，且女性比男性在更年轻的年龄就经历更多中风。尽管有越来越多的证据表明女性心脏病负担增加，但关于新冠疫情期间心脏病相关死亡率的性别差异的数据却很少。
本研究从美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的死亡率和发病率数据中提取了2017年1月至2020年12月每周死亡人数的数据，并将其调整为月度数据。该研究按性别分层，对月度数据应用法林顿方法来计算超额死亡人数。2020年3月和7月观察到男性和女性都有超额的心脏病相关死亡。
在美国75岁及以上人群中，心脏病相关死亡的总数男性高于女性，但2020年与2019年相比，女性心脏病相关死亡的增长率高于男性。这种增加的负担在25岁及以下的年轻女性中更为明显。在新冠疫情期间，两性因潜在心脏病状况导致的超额死亡模式相似。另一方面，2020年与2019年相比，女性心脏病相关死亡负担的增加幅度大于男性。这可能部分是由于疫情期间女性心血管护理和预防措施的推迟。
虽然在由潜在心脏病状况导致的超额死亡中未观察到性别差异，但与疫情前相比，疫情期间女性心脏病相关死亡负担的增加幅度大于男性。
