School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2024 Jul 30;85(7):1-16. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2024.0168. Epub 2024 Jul 16.
Open-skill sports are reportedly more effective than closed-skill sports in improving executive functions. However, it remains unclear as to its superiority in specific components of executive functions and specific populations. This review aims to explore the degree to which specific components of executive functions are affected by different sport types, open-skill sports and closed-skill sports, among different age groups. Relevant articles published from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2023 were searched and obtained from four databases, namely EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. These studies were selected through a carefully established article-filtering workflow, governed by a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality assessment was carried out independently by each researcher. Out of the 30 studies included for this systematic review, eight studies demonstrated the beneficial impacts of open-skill sports on adults by improving three executive functions subcomponents, as compared with closed-skill sports. Six studies found that open-skill sports are conducive to inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility among children and adolescents, while four studies showed that open-skill sports greatly enhance inhibitory control in elderly individuals. Compared with closed-skill sports, open-skill sports have a favourable impact on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in children, adolescents, and adults, marked by shorter response time in inhibitory control tasks, as well as shorter response time and lower switch costs in cognitive flexibility tasks. In addition, relative to closed-skill sports, open-skill sports heightens accuracy in working memory tasks among adults.
开放性运动据称比封闭性运动更能有效提升执行功能。然而，其在执行功能的特定成分和特定人群中是否具有优势仍不清楚。本综述旨在探究不同类型的运动，即开放性运动和封闭性运动，在不同年龄组中对执行功能特定成分的影响程度。
从 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 12 月 31 日，我们从四个数据库（EBSCO、PubMed、Web of Science 和 Science Direct）中搜索并获取了相关文章。这些研究是通过精心制定的文章筛选流程筛选出来的，遵循一套包括和排除标准，并且每个研究人员都独立进行了质量评估。
在这项系统综述中，有 30 项研究被纳入，其中 8 项研究表明开放性运动对成年人有益，能改善三种执行功能子成分，优于封闭性运动。6 项研究发现开放性运动有利于儿童和青少年的抑制控制和认知灵活性，而 4 项研究表明开放性运动能极大地增强老年人的抑制控制能力。
与封闭性运动相比，开放性运动对儿童、青少年和成年人的抑制控制和认知灵活性有积极影响，表现在抑制控制任务中的反应时间更短，认知灵活性任务中的反应时间更短、转换成本更低。此外，与封闭性运动相比，开放性运动提高了成年人的工作记忆任务的准确性。
