State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
Poult Sci. 2024 Oct;103(10):104038. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104038. Epub 2024 Jun 27.
Fatty acids (FAs) can serve as energy for poultry, maintain normal cell structure and function, and support a healthy immune system. Although the addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to the diet has been extensively studied and reported, the mechanism of action of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) remains to be elucidated. We investigated the effect of 0.04% dietary myristic acid (MA) on slaughter performance, lipid components, tissue FAs, and the transcriptome profile in chickens. The results showed that dietary MA had no effect on slaughter performance (body weight, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, and pectoral muscle weight) (P > 0.05). Dietary MA enrichment increased MA (P < 0.001) and triglycerides (TGs) (P < 0.01) levels in the pectoral muscle. The levels of palmitic acid, linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and PUFAs were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the MA supplementation group compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the ratios of PUFA/SFA and n6/omega-3 (n3) between the two groups. The MA content was positively correlated with the contents of palmitic acid, LA, linolenic acid (ALA), n3, n6, SFAs, and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). DHCR24, which is known to be involved in steroid metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, was found to be a significantly lower in the MA supplementation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05, log2(fold change) = -0.85). Five overlapping co-expressed genes were identified at the intersection between the differential expressed genes and Weighted Gene Co‑expression Network Analysis-derived hub genes associated with MA phenotype, namely BHLHE40, MSL1, PLAGL1, SRSF4, and ENSGALG00000026875. For the TG phenotype, a total of 28 genes were identified, including CHKA, KLF5, TGIF1, etc. Both sets included the gene PLAGL1, which has a negative correlation with the levels of MA and TG. This study provides valuable information to further understand the regulation of gene expression patterns by dietary supplementation with MA and examines at the molecular level the phenotypic changes induced by supplementation with MA.
脂肪酸（FAs）可以为家禽提供能量，维持正常的细胞结构和功能，并支持健康的免疫系统。尽管已经广泛研究和报道了在饮食中添加多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）的效果，但饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）的作用机制仍有待阐明。我们研究了 0.04%饮食肉豆蔻酸（MA）对鸡屠宰性能、脂质成分、组织 FA 和转录组谱的影响。结果表明，饮食 MA 对屠宰性能（体重、屠体重量、去内脏重量和胸肌重量）没有影响（P>0.05）。饮食 MA 富集增加了胸肌中的 MA（P<0.001）和甘油三酯（TGs）（P<0.01）水平。与对照组相比，棕榈酸、亚油酸（LA）、花生四烯酸（AA）、SFAs、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）和 PUFAs 的水平显著升高（P<0.01）。然而，两组之间 PUFA/SFA 和 n6/omega-3（n3）的比例没有显著差异。MA 含量与棕榈酸、LA、亚麻酸（ALA）、n3、n6、SFAs 和不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）的含量呈正相关。DHCR24 已知参与类固醇代谢和胆固醇生物合成途径，与对照组相比，MA 补充组的 DHCR24 含量显著降低（P<0.05，log2（fold change）=-0.85）。在差异表达基因和与 MA 表型相关的加权基因共表达网络分析衍生的枢纽基因的交集处，鉴定出 5 个重叠的共表达基因，即 BHLHE40、MSL1、PLAGL1、SRSF4 和 ENSGALG00000026875。对于 TG 表型，共鉴定出 28 个基因，包括 CHKA、KLF5、TGIF1 等。这两组都包含基因 PLAGL1，它与 MA 和 TG 的水平呈负相关。本研究为进一步了解 MA 饮食补充对基因表达模式的调节提供了有价值的信息，并在分子水平上检查了 MA 补充引起的表型变化。
