Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Neuron. 2024 Oct 9;112(19):3252-3266.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.07.002. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Focused ultrasound can non-invasively modulate neural activity, but whether effective stimulation parameters generalize across brain regions and cell types remains unknown. We used focused ultrasound coupled with fiber photometry to identify optimal neuromodulation parameters for four different arousal centers of the brain in an effort to yield overt changes in behavior. Applying coordinate descent, we found that optimal parameters for excitation or inhibition are highly distinct, the effects of which are generally conserved across brain regions and cell types. Optimized stimulations induced clear, target-specific behavioral effects, whereas non-optimized protocols of equivalent energy resulted in substantially less or no change in behavior. These outcomes were independent of auditory confounds and, contrary to expectation, accompanied by a cyclooxygenase-dependent and prolonged reduction in local blood flow and temperature with brain-region-specific scaling. These findings demonstrate that carefully tuned and targeted ultrasound can exhibit powerful effects on complex behavior and physiology.
聚焦超声可以非侵入性地调节神经活动，但有效的刺激参数是否在大脑区域和细胞类型之间普遍适用仍不清楚。我们使用聚焦超声结合光纤光度法，确定了四种不同脑唤醒中心的最佳神经调节参数，以期在行为上产生明显变化。通过坐标下降法，我们发现兴奋或抑制的最佳参数差异很大，其效果在大脑区域和细胞类型之间通常是保守的。优化刺激会引起明确的、特定于目标的行为效应，而能量相当的非优化方案则会导致行为的显著减少或没有变化。这些结果与听觉干扰无关，与预期相反，伴有环氧化酶依赖性和延长的局部血流和温度降低，具有大脑区域特异性的比例。这些发现表明，经过精心调整和靶向的超声可以对复杂的行为和生理产生强大的影响。
