Angiogenesis Unit, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
Front Immunol. 2024 Jul 16;15:1433185. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1433185. eCollection 2024.
Tumor related angiogenesis is an attractive target in cancer therapeutic research due to its crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Different agents were developed aiming to inhibit this process; however they had limited success. Cancer vaccines could be a promising tool in anti-cancer/anti-angiogenic therapy. Cancer vaccines aim to initiate an immune response against cancer cells upon presentation of tumor antigens which hopefully will result in the eradication of disease and prevention of its recurrence by inducing an efficient and long-lasting immune response. Different vaccine constructs have been developed to achieve this and they could include either protein-based or nucleic acid-based vaccines. Nucleic acid vaccines are simple and relatively easy to produce, with high efficiency and safety, thus prompting a high interest in the field. Different DNA vaccines have been developed to target crucial regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Most of them were successful in pre-clinical studies, mostly when used in combination with other therapeutics, but had limited success in the clinic. Apparently, different tumor evasion mechanisms and reduced immunogenicity still limit the potential of these vaccines and there is plenty of room for improvement. Nowadays, mRNA cancer vaccines are making remarkable progress due to improvements in the manufacturing technology and represent a powerful potential alternative. Apart from their efficiency, mRNA vaccines are simple and cheap to produce, can encompass multiple targets simultaneously, and can be quickly transferred from bench to bedside. mRNA vaccines have already accomplished amazing results in cancer clinical trials, thus ensuring a bright future in the field, although no anti-angiogenic mRNA vaccines have been described yet. This review aims to describe recent advances in anti-angiogenic DNA vaccine therapy and to provide perspectives for use of revolutionary approaches such are mRNA vaccines for anti-angiogenic treatments.
肿瘤相关血管生成在癌症治疗研究中是一个有吸引力的靶点，因为它在肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移中起着关键作用。已经开发了不同的药物来抑制这个过程，但它们的效果有限。癌症疫苗可能是癌症/抗血管生成治疗的一种有前途的工具。癌症疫苗旨在通过肿瘤抗原的呈递来引发针对癌细胞的免疫反应，希望通过诱导有效和持久的免疫反应来消除疾病并预防其复发。已经开发了不同的疫苗构建体来实现这一目标，它们可以包括基于蛋白质或核酸的疫苗。核酸疫苗简单且相对容易生产，具有高效和安全性，因此在该领域引起了极大的兴趣。已经开发了不同的 DNA 疫苗来靶向肿瘤血管生成的关键调节因子。它们中的大多数在临床前研究中取得了成功，尤其是当与其他治疗方法联合使用时，但在临床上的效果有限。显然，不同的肿瘤逃逸机制和降低的免疫原性仍然限制了这些疫苗的潜力，还有很大的改进空间。如今，由于制造技术的改进，mRNA 癌症疫苗取得了显著进展，代表了一种强大的潜在替代方案。除了它们的效率，mRNA 疫苗简单且廉价，易于生产，可以同时涵盖多个靶点，并可以快速从实验室转移到临床。mRNA 疫苗在癌症临床试验中已经取得了惊人的结果，因此确保了该领域的光明未来，尽管目前还没有描述抗血管生成的 mRNA 疫苗。本综述旨在描述抗血管生成 DNA 疫苗治疗的最新进展，并为使用革命性方法（如 mRNA 疫苗）进行抗血管生成治疗提供展望。
