Cheng Ziqi, Ma Junfeng, Zhao Chenyan
National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Dec 7;12(12):1382. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121382.
Influenza poses a significant global health challenge due to its rapid mutation and antigenic variability, which often leads to seasonal epidemics and frequent outbreaks. Traditional vaccines struggle to offer comprehensive protection because of mismatches with circulating viral strains. The development of a broad-spectrum vaccine is therefore crucial. This paper explores the potential of mRNA vaccine technology to address these challenges by providing a swift, adaptable, and broad protective response against evolving influenza strains. We detail the mechanisms of antigenic variation in influenza viruses and discuss the rapid design and production, enhanced immunogenicity, encoding of multiple antigens, and safety and stability of mRNA vaccines compared to traditional methods. By leveraging these advantages, mRNA vaccines represent a revolutionary approach in influenza prevention, potentially offering broad-spectrum protection and significantly improving global influenza management and response strategies.
由于流感病毒的快速突变和抗原变异性，它给全球公共卫生带来了重大挑战，这常常导致季节性流行和频繁爆发。由于与流行的病毒株不匹配，传统疫苗难以提供全面的保护。因此，开发一种广谱疫苗至关重要。本文探讨了mRNA疫苗技术通过对不断演变的流感毒株提供快速、适应性强且广泛的保护性反应来应对这些挑战的潜力。我们详细阐述了流感病毒抗原变异的机制，并讨论了与传统方法相比，mRNA疫苗的快速设计与生产、增强的免疫原性、多种抗原的编码以及安全性和稳定性。通过利用这些优势，mRNA疫苗代表了流感预防方面的一种革命性方法，有可能提供广谱保护，并显著改善全球流感管理和应对策略。
