Moore Brady P, Doucet Dakota, Dow Bobby, Vemu Sree M, Hirase Takashi, Marco Rex A W
John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2024 Jul 29;12(7):23259671241255097. doi: 10.1177/23259671241255097. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Head-down tackling has been associated with higher rates of head and neck injuries and less successful tackles compared with head-up tackling in American football. In rugby, head and neck injuries have been associated with tackling, with the tackler's head positioned in front of the ball carrier.
To assess the success and risks of tackling techniques used in the English Rugby Premiership matches.
Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
Three reviewers analyzed 1000 consecutive solo defensive tackling attempts during the 2022 to 2023 season in 6 English Rugby Premiership matches. Slow-motion replays were used to analyze the success of the tackling attempt in terms of head angulation (head up vs head down), head position relative to the offensive player's waist at point of contact, and tackling method (inside shoulder, arm, head across the bow, and head-to-head). The chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to analyze categorical data, and the 2-tailed Student test or the Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze continuous data.
The mean interrater reliabilities for analyzing the tackles were good across all groups (κ = 0.715). Head-up and head-down tackling occurred in 848 tackle attempts (84.8%) and 152 tackle attempts (15.2%), respectively. Head-up tackles were successful in 80.7% of the tackle attempts compared with 71.1% of the head-down tackle attempts ( = .0072). Tackles made at or above the waist were successful in 80.7% of the tackle attempts compared with 73.1% of tackles below the waist ( = .0193). The inside-shoulder technique had the highest successful tackle rate at 90.8%, compared with 44.2% with the arm technique ( < .0001) and 72.4% with the head-across-the-bow technique ( < .0001). The inside-shoulder technique resulted in head-up tackling in 84.8% of players compared with 59.8% with the head-across-the-bow technique ( < .0001) and 94.9% with arm tackling ( = .0001). There were 4 recorded injuries to the tackler: 2 neck injuries, 1 shoulder injury, and 1 wrist/hand injury.
Head-up tackling, tackles made at or above the level of the offensive player's waist, and inside-shoulder tackling were found to be more efficient in producing successful tackles. The head-down, tackling below the waist, and head-across-the-bow techniques were associated with poor tackling and lower success rates.
与美式橄榄球中抬头擒抱相比，低头擒抱与更高的头颈损伤发生率以及更低的擒抱成功率相关。在英式橄榄球中，擒抱与头颈损伤有关，擒抱者的头部位于带球者前方。
评估英格兰橄榄球超级联赛比赛中使用的擒抱技术的成功率和风险。
横断面研究；证据等级为3级。
三名评审员分析了2022至2023赛季6场英格兰橄榄球超级联赛比赛中连续的1000次单人防守擒抱尝试。使用慢动作回放从头部角度（抬头与低头）、接触点时头部相对于进攻球员腰部的位置以及擒抱方法（内侧肩部、手臂、头部横过船头、头对头）来分析擒抱尝试的成功率。卡方检验或费舍尔精确检验用于分析分类数据，双侧学生t检验或曼-惠特尼U检验用于分析连续数据。
所有组分析擒抱的平均评分者间信度良好（κ = 0.715）。抬头擒抱和低头擒抱分别出现在848次擒抱尝试（84.8%）和152次擒抱尝试（15.2%）中。抬头擒抱在80.7%的擒抱尝试中成功，而低头擒抱尝试的成功率为71.1%（P = 0.0072）。在腰部或腰部以上进行的擒抱在80.7%的擒抱尝试中成功，而腰部以下擒抱的成功率为73.1%（P = 0.0193）。内侧肩部技术的擒抱成功率最高，为90.8%，相比之下，手臂技术的成功率为 44.2%（P < 0.0001），头部横过船头技术的成功率为72.4%（P < 0.0001）。内侧肩部技术导致84.8%的球员抬头擒抱，相比之下，头部横过船头技术为59.8%（P < 0.0001），手臂擒抱为94.9%（P = 0.0001）。记录到擒抱者有4起受伤：2起颈部受伤、1起肩部受伤和1起手腕/手部受伤。
抬头擒抱、在进攻球员腰部或腰部以上进行的擒抱以及内侧肩部擒抱在产生成功擒抱方面更有效。低头擒抱、腰部以下擒抱和头部横过船头技术与擒抱不佳和成功率较低有关。
