Fuller Colin W, Brooks John H M, Cancea Rebecca J, Hall John, Kemp Simon P T
Centre for Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HU, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 2007 Dec;41(12):862-7; discussion 867. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.037499. Epub 2007 May 18.
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of contact events in professional rugby union matches and to assess their propensity to cause injury.
The study was a two-season (2003/2004 and 2005/2006) prospective cohort design. It included 645 professional rugby union players from 13 English Premiership rugby union clubs. The main outcome measures were: incidence of match contact events (events per game); incidence (injuries per 1000 player-hours and per 1000 contact events), risk (days lost per 1000 player-hours and per 1000 contact events) and diagnosis of injury; referee's decision. Risk factors were player-player contact, position on pitch and period of play.
Tackles (221.0 events/game) and rucks (142.5 events/game) were the most common events and mauls (13.6%) and scrums (12.6%) the most penalised. Tackles (701.6 days/1000 player-hours) were responsible for the greatest loss of time but scrums (213.2 days lost/1000 events) and collisions (199.8 days lost/1000 events) presented the highest risk per event.
Tackles were the game event responsible for the highest number of injuries and the greatest loss of time in rugby union because they were by far the most common contact event. Collisions were 70% more likely to result in an injury than a tackle and scrums carried a 60% greater risk of injury than a tackle. The relative propensities for contact events to cause injury were rated as: lineout--very low; ruck--low; maul and tackle--average; collision and scrum--high.
本研究的目的是确定职业英式橄榄球联盟比赛中接触事件的发生率，并评估其导致受伤的倾向。
本研究为两赛季（2003/2004和2005/2006）前瞻性队列设计。研究纳入了来自13家英格兰超级联赛英式橄榄球联盟俱乐部的645名职业英式橄榄球联盟球员。主要观察指标为：比赛接触事件的发生率（每场比赛的事件数）；发生率（每1000球员小时和每1000接触事件的受伤数）、风险（每1000球员小时和每1000接触事件的失能天数）以及损伤诊断；裁判的判罚决定。风险因素包括球员与球员之间的接触、在球场上的位置以及比赛时段。
擒抱（221.0次/场比赛）和ruck（142.5次/场比赛）是最常见的事件，maul（13.6%）和scrum（12.6%）是受罚最多的。擒抱（701.6天/1000球员小时）导致的时间损失最大，但scrum（每1000事件损失213.2天）和碰撞（每1000事件损失199.8天）每事件的风险最高。
擒抱是英式橄榄球联盟中导致受伤数量最多和时间损失最大的比赛事件，因为它是迄今为止最常见的接触事件。碰撞导致受伤的可能性比擒抱高70%，scrum导致受伤的风险比擒抱高60%。接触事件导致受伤的相对倾向被评为：争边球——非常低；ruck——低；maul和擒抱——中等；碰撞和scrum——高。
