Mariano Danielly C O, Dias Graciela Maria, Castro Michele Rocha, Tschoeke Diogo Antonio, de Oliveira Fernando J S, Sérvulo Eliana Flavia C, Neves Bianca Cruz
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 9;10(14):e34336. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34336. eCollection 2024 Jul 30.
Environmental pollution associated with the petroleum industry is a major problem worldwide. Microbial degradation is extremely important whether in the extractive process or in bioremediation of contaminants. Assessing the local microbiota and its potential for degradation is crucial for implementing effective bioremediation strategies. Herein, contaminated soil samples of onshore oil fields from a semiarid region in the Northeast of Brazil were investigated using metagenomics and metataxonomics. These soils exhibited hydrocarbon contamination and high salinity indices, while a control sample was collected from an uncontaminated area. The shotgun analysis revealed the predominance of Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota, while 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis of the samples showed Actinomycetota, Bacillota, and Pseudomonadota as the most abundant. The Archaea domain phylotypes were assigned to Thermoproteota and Methanobacteriota. Functional analysis and metabolic profile of the soil microbiomes exhibited a broader metabolic repertoire in the uncontaminated soil, while degradation pathways and surfactant biosynthesis presented higher values in the contaminated soils, where degradation pathways of xenobiotic and aromatic compounds were also present. Biosurfactant synthetic pathways were abundant, with predominance of lipopeptides. The present work uncovers several microbial drivers of oil degradation and mechanisms of adaptation to high salinity, which are pivotal traits for sustainable soil recovery strategies.
与石油工业相关的环境污染是全球范围内的一个主要问题。无论是在开采过程中还是在污染物的生物修复中，微生物降解都极为重要。评估当地微生物群及其降解潜力对于实施有效的生物修复策略至关重要。在此，我们使用宏基因组学和宏分类学对巴西东北部半干旱地区陆上油田的受污染土壤样本进行了研究。这些土壤呈现出烃污染和高盐度指数，同时从未受污染地区采集了对照样本。鸟枪法分析显示放线菌门和假单胞菌门占主导地位，而对样本的16S rRNA基因扩增子分析表明，放线菌门、芽孢杆菌门和假单胞菌门最为丰富。古菌域的系统发育型被归类为热变形菌门和甲烷杆菌门。土壤微生物群落的功能分析和代谢谱显示，未受污染土壤中的代谢库更广泛，而在受污染土壤中，降解途径和表面活性剂生物合成的值更高，其中还存在外源和芳香族化合物的降解途径。生物表面活性剂合成途径丰富，脂肽占主导地位。本研究揭示了几种石油降解的微生物驱动因素以及适应高盐度的机制，这些都是可持续土壤修复策略的关键特征。
