Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, 110029, India; Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jul;328:138498. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138498. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
A class of organic priority pollutants known as PAHs is of critical public health and environmental concern due to its carcinogenic properties as well as its genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic properties. Research to eliminate PAHs from the environment has increased significantly due to awareness about their negative effects on the environment and human health. Various environmental factors, including nutrients, microorganisms present and their abundance, and the nature and chemical properties of the PAH affect the biodegradation of PAHs. A large spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and algae have ability to degrade PAHs with the biodegradation capacity of bacteria and fungi receiving the most attention. A considerable amount of research has been conducted in the last few decades on analyzing microbial communities for their genomic organization, enzymatic and biochemical properties capable of degrading PAH. While it is true that PAH degrading microorganisms offer potential for recovering damaged ecosystems in a cost-efficient way, new advances are needed to make these microbes more robust and successful at eliminating toxic chemicals. By optimizing some factors like adsorption, bioavailability and mass transfer of PAHs, microorganisms in their natural habitat could be greatly improved to biodegrade PAHs. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the latest findings and address the current wealth of knowledge in the microbial bioremediation of PAHs. Additionally, recent breakthroughs in PAH degradation are discussed in order to facilitate a broader understanding of the bioremediation of PAHs in the environment.
由于具有致癌性、遗传毒性、致突变性和细胞毒性等特性，一类被称为多环芳烃（PAHs）的有机优先污染物引起了人们对公共健康和环境的极大关注。由于认识到它们对环境和人类健康的负面影响，因此，从环境中消除 PAHs 的研究已经大大增加。各种环境因素，包括营养物质、存在的微生物及其丰度，以及 PAH 的性质和化学特性，都会影响 PAHs 的生物降解。大量的细菌、真菌和藻类都具有降解 PAHs 的能力，其中细菌和真菌的降解能力受到了最多的关注。在过去的几十年中，已经进行了相当多的研究来分析微生物群落的基因组组织、能够降解 PAH 的酶和生化特性。虽然 PAH 降解微生物为以具有成本效益的方式恢复受损的生态系统提供了潜力，但需要新的进展来使这些微生物更健壮，并更成功地消除有毒化学物质。通过优化一些因素，如 PAHs 的吸附、生物有效性和传质，微生物在其自然栖息地中的生物降解能力可以得到极大的提高。本综述旨在全面讨论最新的发现，并解决当前在 PAHs 的微生物生物修复方面的丰富知识。此外，还讨论了 PAH 降解的最新突破，以便更广泛地了解环境中 PAHs 的生物修复。
