Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;277(Pt 3):134223. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134223. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Polyphenols, including phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenes, are secondary metabolites that are commonly found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages, such as tea, coffee, wine, chocolate, and beer. These compounds have gained considerable attention and market demand because of their potential health benefits. However, their application is limited due to their low absorption rates and reduced tissue distribution efficiency. Engineering polyphenol-protein complexes or conjugates can enhance the antioxidant properties, bioavailability, and stability of polyphenols and improve digestive enzyme hydrolysis, target-specific delivery, and overall biological functions. Complex polyphenols, such as melanin, tannins, and ellagitannins, can promote gut microbiota balance, bolster antioxidant defense, and improve overall human health. Despite these benefits, the safety of polyphenol complexes must be thoroughly evaluated before their use as functional food additives or supplements. This review provides a detailed overview of the types of macromolecular polyphenols, their chemical composition, and their role in food enrichment. The mechanisms by which complex polyphenols act as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agents have also been discussed.
多酚类化合物，包括酚类、生物碱和萜类化合物，是常见于水果、蔬菜和饮料中的次生代谢产物，如茶、咖啡、酒、巧克力和啤酒。由于其潜在的健康益处，这些化合物引起了相当大的关注和市场需求。然而，由于其吸收率低和组织分布效率降低，其应用受到限制。多酚-蛋白质复合物或缀合物的工程化可以增强多酚的抗氧化特性、生物利用度和稳定性，并提高消化酶水解、靶向特异性递送和整体生物学功能。复杂多酚，如黑色素、单宁和鞣花单宁，可以促进肠道微生物群平衡，增强抗氧化防御能力，改善整体人类健康。尽管有这些好处，但在将多酚复合物用作功能性食品添加剂或补充剂之前，必须彻底评估其安全性。本综述详细概述了大分子多酚的类型、它们的化学组成以及它们在食品强化中的作用。还讨论了复杂多酚作为抗氧化剂、抗炎剂和抗癌剂的作用机制。
