Hezam Ibrahim M, Ali Ahmed M, Sallam Karam, Hameed Ibrahim A, Abdel-Basset Mohamed
Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Sharqiyah, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 31;14(1):17718. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67226-z.
Risks in the supply chain can damage many companies and organizations due to sustainability risk factors. This study evaluates the supply chain risk assessment and management and then selects the best supplier in a gas company in Egypt. A comprehensive methodology can use the experts' opinions who use the linguistic variables in the spherical fuzzy numbers (SFNs) to evaluate the criteria and suppliers in this study based on their views. Selecting the best supplier is a complex task due to various criteria related to supply chain risk assessment, such as supply risks, environmental risks, financial risks, regularity risks, political risk, ethical risks, and technology risks and their sub-criteria. This study suggested a new combined model with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) under a spherical fuzzy set (SFS) environment to overcome uncertainty and incomplete data in the assessment process. The MCDM methodology has two methods: the Entropy and COmbinative Distance-based Assessment (CODAS) methods. The SFS-Entropy is used to compute supply chain risk assessment and management criteria weights. The SFS-CODAS method is used to rank the supplier. The main results show that supply risks have the highest importance, followed by financial and environmental risks, and ethical risks have the lowest risk importance. The criteria weights were changed under sensitivity analysis to show the stability and validation of the results obtained from the suggested methodology. The comparative analysis is implemented with other MCDM methods named TOPSIS, VIKOR, MARCOS, COPRAS, WASPAS, and MULTIMOORA methods under the SFS environment. This study can help managers and organizations select the best supplier with the lowest sustainability risks.
由于可持续性风险因素，供应链中的风险可能会损害许多公司和组织。本研究评估了供应链风险评估与管理，然后在埃及一家天然气公司中选择了最佳供应商。一种综合方法可以利用专家意见，这些专家在球面模糊数（SFN）中使用语言变量，根据他们的观点评估本研究中的标准和供应商。由于与供应链风险评估相关的各种标准，如供应风险、环境风险、财务风险、合规风险、政治风险、道德风险和技术风险及其子标准，选择最佳供应商是一项复杂的任务。本研究提出了一种在球面模糊集（SFS）环境下结合多准则决策（MCDM）的新模型，以克服评估过程中的不确定性和不完整数据。MCDM方法有两种：熵权法和基于组合距离的评估（CODAS）方法。SFS-熵权法用于计算供应链风险评估和管理标准的权重。SFS-CODAS方法用于对供应商进行排名。主要结果表明，供应风险的重要性最高，其次是财务和环境风险，道德风险的重要性最低。在敏感性分析下改变标准权重，以显示从建议方法获得的结果的稳定性和有效性。在SFS环境下，与其他MCDM方法（如TOPSIS、VIKOR、MARCOS、COPRAS、WASPAS和MULTIMOORA方法）进行了比较分析。本研究可以帮助管理者和组织选择可持续性风险最低的最佳供应商。
