Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 31;14(1):17727. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66528-6.
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a well-known phenomenon in patients with chronic tic disorders (CTD). To investigate prospectively symptomatology of SIB in adults with CTD, we developed and validated the self-injurious behavior scale for tic disorders (SIBS-T). Patients completed the SIBS-T and a variety of assessments for tics and comorbidities. We investigated SIB frequency, internal consistency of the SIBS-T, and carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). We enrolled n = 123 adult patients with CTD. SIB was reported by n = 103 patients (83.7%). The most frequently reported SIB were beating/pushing/throwing and were found in 79.6% of cases. Patients with SIB had significantly higher tic severity measured with the Adult Tic Questionnaire (ATQ) (p = 0.002) as well as higher severity of psychiatric comorbidities such as obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) (p < 0.001,), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (p < 0.001,), and anxiety (p = 0.001). In addition, patients with SIB had significantly lower quality of life (p = 0.002). Pearson correlations demonstrated significant associations between SIB and severity of tics (p < 0.001), depression (p = 0.005), ADHD (p = 0.008), and borderline personality traits (p = 0.014). Consequently, higher SIBS-T also correlated with greater impairment of quality of life (p < 0.001). The internal consistency of the SIBS-T was good (α = 0.88). The EFA confirmed a single factor underlying the SIBS-T.
自伤行为（SIB）是慢性抽动障碍（CTD）患者中众所周知的现象。为了前瞻性研究成人 CTD 患者 SIB 的症状，我们开发并验证了抽动障碍自伤行为量表（SIBS-T）。患者完成 SIBS-T 以及各种抽动和共病评估。我们调查了 SIB 的频率、SIBS-T 的内部一致性，并进行了探索性因素分析（EFA）。我们招募了 n = 123 名患有 CTD 的成年患者。n = 103 名患者（83.7%）报告有 SIB。最常报告的 SIB 是殴打/推挤/投掷，在 79.6%的病例中发现。有 SIB 的患者使用成人抽动问卷（ATQ）测量的抽动严重程度明显更高（p = 0.002），以及强迫症症状（OCS）（p < 0.001，）、注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）（p < 0.001，）和焦虑（p = 0.001）等精神共病严重程度更高。此外，有 SIB 的患者生活质量明显更低（p = 0.002）。Pearson 相关分析表明，SIB 与抽动严重程度（p < 0.001）、抑郁（p = 0.005）、ADHD（p = 0.008）和边缘型人格特质（p = 0.014）显著相关。因此，SIBS-T 得分越高，生活质量受损越严重（p < 0.001）。SIBS-T 的内部一致性良好（α = 0.88）。EFA 证实 SIBS-T 存在单一因素。
