Puchalska E, Przybysz A, Nowak A, Wójcik-Gront E, Askarova G, Lewandowski M, Moniuszko H
Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 31;14(1):17647. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68570-w.
The foliage of the small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) is characterised by the nerve axils being grown by non-glandular trichomes, which trait contributes to the enhanced retention of the particulate matter (PM). This fact may disturb the ecological service of T. cordata related to the structure of its leaves, which is to provide acarodomatia (micro-shelters) for the predatory mites of the Phytoseiidae family. Phytoseiids are natural enemies of a variety of plant pests, widely applied in integrated pest management (IPM). Their occurrence is largely related to acarodomatia in which these mites hide, feed, reproduce, and develop. For the first time, the influence of PM deposition within spaces typically occupied by phytoseiids is investigated. Experimental populations of Euseius finlandicus were reared on T. cordata leaves in the progressive PM-pollution. The results showed that the values of life table parameters of the predator depended significantly on the level of PM deposition on leaves. Contrary to clean leaves from the control, the medium and high contamination intensities significantly reduced the daily (by 47% and 70%, respectively) and the total fecundity (by 62% and 77%, respectively) of females which, in turn, resulted in a decreased net reproductive rate (by 67% and 81%, respectively), intrinsic rate of increase (by 40% and 55%, respectively) and finite rate of increase (by 8% and 10%, respectively) of E. finlandicus. The pre-ovipositional period was prolonged, while the oviposition duration was shortened and the mites matured longer. In high pollution level the mortality of phytoseiids was boosted by 19% and some females were observed with pollutant lumps adhered to the idiosoma. Also, significant shares of juvenile forms (13%) and adult females (25%) made attempts to escape from highly contaminated experimental arenas. The implications of PM retention on the shelter vegetation are discussed in the context of IPM and ecological services.
小叶椴（Tilia cordata）的叶片特征是叶脉腋处长有非腺毛，这一特征有助于增强对颗粒物（PM）的滞留。这一事实可能会扰乱小叶椴与其叶片结构相关的生态服务，即其为植绥螨科的捕食性螨类提供螨窝（微型庇护所）。植绥螨是多种植物害虫的天敌，广泛应用于综合虫害管理（IPM）。它们的出现很大程度上与螨窝有关，这些螨类在螨窝中藏身、取食、繁殖和发育。首次研究了PM沉积对通常被植绥螨占据空间的影响。在渐进性PM污染条件下，在小叶椴叶片上饲养芬兰真绥螨实验种群。结果表明，捕食者生命表参数的值显著取决于叶片上PM沉积的水平。与对照的清洁叶片相反，中度和高度污染强度显著降低了雌螨的每日产卵量（分别降低47%和70%）和总繁殖力（分别降低62%和77%），进而导致芬兰真绥螨的净繁殖率（分别降低67%和81%）、内禀增长率（分别降低40%和55%）和有限增长率（分别降低8%和10%）下降。产卵前期延长，而产卵持续时间缩短，螨类成熟时间变长。在高污染水平下，植绥螨的死亡率提高了19%，并且观察到一些雌螨的体躯上附着有污染物团块。此外，相当比例的幼螨（13%）和成年雌螨（25%）试图逃离高度污染的实验场地。在IPM和生态服务的背景下讨论了PM滞留在庇护植被上的影响。
