Department of Energy and Fuels, School of Mining and Energy Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28003, Madrid, Spain.
Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Aug 1;196(8):771. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12929-z.
In this study, a total of 180 Pinus eldarica bark samples were collected from different regions of Hamedan megacity, Iran, in 2023, and contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the samples were determined using ICP-OES. The results illustrated that the average contents of all the analyzed elements were greater than those in the background contents, which presumably demonstrated anthropogenic sources of these potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The greatest concentrations of the analyzed PTEs for different functional areas were observed in specimens collected from commercial or industrial areas, indicating the impact of human entries. The I-geo values were in the range of "unpolluted to moderately polluted" to "moderately to heavily polluted", PI showed "moderate to very high pollution", and PLI reflected high to very high pollution levels for the whole study area. Additionally, the cumulative mean value of ecological risk (RI) was found to be 152, demonstrating moderate ecological risk across the study area. The results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) showed that the PTE contamination in the air of Hamedan could mainly have an anthropogenic origin (82.7%) and that the traffic emissions as the primary pollution source (33.6%) make the highest contribution to the PTE pollution and ecological risks in the study area. In residential areas, demolition and construction activities could be considered the main sources of PTEs, while in commercial and industrial areas traffic emissions and industrial emissions, could be regarded as the main sources of such pollution, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a useful approach to identifying the sources and contributions of the toxic elements in different functional areas and can inform future endeavors that aim at managing and controlling metal element pollution.
本研究于 2023 年在伊朗哈马丹大都市的不同地区采集了总共 180 个白皮松树皮样本，采用 ICP-OES 法测定了样本中 Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 的含量。结果表明，所有分析元素的平均含量均高于背景含量，这可能表明这些潜在有毒元素（PTEs）来自人为源。不同功能区分析 PTE 的最大浓度出现在商业或工业地区采集的标本中，表明人为活动的影响。Igeo 值范围为“无污染至中度污染”至“中度至重度污染”，PI 表现为“中度至高度污染”，PLI 反映整个研究区处于高至高度污染水平。此外，整个研究区的生态风险（RI）累积平均值为 152，表明生态风险处于中度水平。正矩阵因子分析（PMF）的结果表明，哈马丹空气中 PTE 的污染主要来自人为源（82.7%），交通排放（33.6%）作为主要污染源对研究区 PTE 污染和生态风险的贡献最大。在居民区，拆除和建筑活动可能是 PTEs 的主要来源，而在商业和工业区，交通排放和工业排放可能分别被视为 PTE 污染的主要来源。总之，本研究提供了一种识别不同功能区有毒元素来源和贡献的有用方法，可以为未来旨在管理和控制金属元素污染的工作提供信息。
