Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, Kansas, USA.
Behav Sleep Med. 2024 Nov-Dec;22(6):921-931. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2386608. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Nightmares affect up to 12% of the population and are often comorbid with psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. Limited research has examined their influence on nightmare frequency. This study investigates the relationship between depression and trait-anxiety symptoms on incident nightmare frequency at follow-up.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted on 758 Wisconsin Sleep Cohort participants. Trait anxiety and depression symptom severity were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Zung Depression Scale. Ordinal regression determined nightmare frequency cutoffs based on anxiety and depression severity. Cross-sectional associations were assessed with Spearman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Longitudinal associations were analyzed using adjusted binomial regression of binary nightmare frequency (low: <4/month, high: >5/month) against clinical cutoffs of trait anxiety and depression.
Adjusted models indicated a small correlation between baseline nightmare frequency and trait anxiety (β = 0.01, = .010) and depression symptoms (β = 0.01, = .005). High baseline trait-anxiety symptoms were associated with frequent nightmares at follow-up (OR = 3.75, CI95% [1.306,10.793], < .014), but depression symptoms were not (OR = 1.35, CI95%[0.399, 4.587], = .627).
Our findings suggest that high trait-anxiety symptoms are associated with increased incident nightmare frequency, when adjusted for depression. However, high depression symptoms were not associated with an increase in nightmare frequency when adjusted for trait-anxiety.
梦魇影响多达 12%的人群，且常与焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病共病。有限的研究探讨了它们对梦魇频率的影响。本研究调查了抑郁和特质焦虑症状与随访时新发梦魇频率的关系。
对 758 名威斯康星睡眠队列参与者进行了横断面和纵向分析。使用状态特质焦虑量表和zung 抑郁量表测量特质焦虑和抑郁症状严重程度。有序回归根据焦虑和抑郁严重程度确定梦魇频率的截断值。使用 Spearman 和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验评估横断面相关性。使用特质焦虑和抑郁的临床截断值，对二元梦魇频率（低：<4/月，高：>5/月）的调整二项式回归分析纵向相关性。
调整模型表明，基线时梦魇频率与特质焦虑（β=0.01，=0.010）和抑郁症状（β=0.01，=0.005）之间存在小的相关性。基线时高特质焦虑症状与随访时频繁发生梦魇有关（OR=3.75，CI95%[1.306，10.793]， < .014），但抑郁症状则不然（OR=1.35，CI95%[0.399，4.587]， = .627）。
我们的研究结果表明，在调整抑郁因素后，高特质焦虑症状与新发梦魇频率增加相关。然而，在调整特质焦虑后，高抑郁症状与梦魇频率增加无关。
