Kumar Jaya, Naina Mohamed Isa, Mohamed Rashidi, Ugusman Azizah, Muzaimi Mustapha, Mohamed Wael, Yahaya Mohamad Fairuz, Teoh Seong Lin, Kamaluddin Mohammad Rahim, Abdul Hamid Hafizah, Mehat Muhammad Zulfadli, Shanmugam Prem Kumar
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Jul 17;15:1428492. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428492. eCollection 2024.
Despite extensive preclinical research over the years, a significant gap remains in our understanding of the specific effects of methamphetamine (METH) and amphetamine (AMPH) withdrawal. Understanding these differences could be pivotal to unveiling the unique pathophysiology underlying each stimulant. This may facilitate the development of targeted and effective treatment strategies tailored to the specific characteristics of each substance. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review was conducted to examine alterations in spontaneous locomotor activity, specifically horizontal activity, in animals experiencing withdrawal from extended and repeated administration of AMPH or METH. Original articles were retrieved from four electronic databases, supplemented by a review of the references cited in the published papers. A total of thirty-one full-length articles (n = 31) were incorporated in the analysis. The results indicated that six studies documented a significant increase in horizontal activity among animals, seven studies reported decreased locomotion, and eighteen studies (8 AMPH; 10 METH) reported no significant alterations in the animals' locomotor activity. Studies reporting heightened locomotion mainly employed mice undergoing withdrawal from METH, studies reporting diminished locomotion predominantly involved rats undergoing withdrawal from AMPH, and studies reporting no significant changes in horizontal activity employed both rats and mice (12 rats; 6 mice). Drug characteristics, routes of administration, animal models, dosage regimens, duration, and assessment timing seem to influence the observed outcomes. Despite more than 50% of papers enlisted in this review indicate no significant changes in the locomotion during the stimulant withdrawal, the unique reactions of animals to withdrawal from METH and AMPH reported by some underscore the need for a more nuanced understanding of stimulant withdrawal.
尽管多年来进行了广泛的临床前研究，但我们对甲基苯丙胺（METH）和苯丙胺（AMPH）戒断的具体影响的理解仍存在重大差距。了解这些差异对于揭示每种兴奋剂背后独特的病理生理学可能至关重要。这可能有助于制定针对每种物质特定特征的有针对性且有效的治疗策略。按照PRISMA指南，进行了这项系统评价，以研究长期和反复给予AMPH或METH后戒断的动物自发运动活动的变化，特别是水平活动的变化。从四个电子数据库中检索原始文章，并辅以对已发表论文中引用参考文献的审查。总共31篇全文文章（n = 31）纳入了分析。结果表明，六项研究记录了动物水平活动显著增加，七项研究报告运动减少，十八项研究（8项关于AMPH；10项关于METH）报告动物运动活动无显著变化。报告运动增加的研究主要使用从METH戒断的小鼠，报告运动减少的研究主要涉及从AMPH戒断的大鼠，报告水平活动无显著变化的研究同时使用了大鼠和小鼠（12只大鼠；6只小鼠）。药物特性、给药途径、动物模型、剂量方案、持续时间和评估时间似乎会影响观察到的结果。尽管本综述中超过50%的论文表明在兴奋剂戒断期间运动无显著变化，但一些研究报告的动物对METH和AMPH戒断的独特反应强调了对兴奋剂戒断需要更细致入微的理解。
