Torres-Luque Gema, Fernández-García Ángel Iván, Cabello-Manrique David, Giménez-Egido José María, Ortega-Toro Enrique
Faculty of Education, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2018 Dec 3;9:2418. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02418. eCollection 2018.
The competitive performance in tennis practice is determined by the effectiveness of technical tactical action. The main objective of the present study was to design and validate an observational instrument with the aim of analysing the technical-tactical in singles tennis. The instrument uses the stroke as a unit of measure, so that each time a player hits a ball, a total of 23 variables are analyzed. The variables collect information about: (a) matching context; (b) result; and (c) technical-tactical information of the stroke (five variables: sequences of the stroke of the point, kind of technical and tactical stroke, bounce area, hitting, and effectiveness area). The design and validation of the instrument consisted on five different stages: (a) review of the scientific literature and variables definition by experts, (b) pilot observation study, (c) qualitative and quantitative assessment of the instrument by experts, (d) review and confirmation of the instrument by experts (content validity), and (e) observation training and reliability evaluation. From 23 expert judges, divided into three panels, and four observers the instrument went from being composed of 38 variables (eight contextual, seven related to the result and 23 related to the game) to 23 (eight contextual variables, 10 of result and five of game), with minimum Aikens's V values of 0.94 and reliability of 0.81. The results show that the designed instrument allows obtaining valid and objective information about the technical-tactical actions of the players and their performance in singles tennis.
网球训练中的竞技表现取决于技术战术动作的有效性。本研究的主要目的是设计并验证一种观察工具，用于分析单打网球中的技术战术。该工具以击球作为测量单位，每次球员击球时，共分析23个变量。这些变量收集有关以下方面的信息：(a) 比赛情境；(b) 结果；以及 (c) 击球的技术战术信息（五个变量：一分击球的顺序、技术和战术击球类型、弹跳区域、击球和有效区域）。该工具的设计和验证包括五个不同阶段：(a) 科学文献综述和专家对变量的定义；(b) 初步观察研究；(c) 专家对工具的定性和定量评估；(d) 专家对工具的审查和确认（内容效度）；以及 (e) 观察训练和信度评估。从23名专家评委（分为三个小组）和四名观察员参与的过程来看，该工具从由38个变量组成（八个情境变量、七个与结果相关的变量和23个与比赛相关的变量）减少到23个（八个情境变量、十个结果变量和五个比赛变量），艾肯斯V值最小为0.94，信度为0.81。结果表明，所设计的工具能够获取有关球员技术战术动作及其在单打网球中表现的有效且客观的信息。
