Enríquez Yordanis, Cahui Claudia Rebeca, Díaz Giovani Martín
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae, Lima, Perú.
Biomedica. 2024 May 30;44(2):230-247. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.7131.
Introduction. Sexual violence against adolescents is a global problem that affects young people around the world. The ecological model examines its forms and determinants through interconnected levels. Objective. To determine the frequency, characteristics, and predictors of sexual violence in adolescents attending school in Perú. Materials and methods. This was a cross-sectional study that secondarily analyzed data from the Encuesta Nacional de Relaciones Sociales (2019). A stratified probabilistic sample involved 1,579 youth aged 12-17 from 93 schools. The questionnaire evaluated physical, psychological, and sexual violence in the family and at school. Models were estimated using logistic regression analysis, calculating odds ratio (OR). Results. Eighteen point sixty eight per cent (95% CI: 16.80-20.60) suffered some type of sexual assault. In addition, 9.75% (95% CI: 8.28-11.21) reported having been touched in some part of the body and 1.84% (95% CI: 1.17-2.50) reported that was a victim of rape. Age was identified as a risk factor in the microsystem (OR = 1.48) (95% CI: 1.26-1.74), while the age of the first experienced sexual violence acted as a protective factor (OR = 0.61) (95% CI: 0.54-0.69). In addition, in the macrosystem, the perception that violence occurs mainly outside the home increased the risk (OR = 2.06) (95% CI: 1.01-4.19). Conclusions. Approximately two out of ten respondents reported having experienced some type of sexual violence, with verbal harassment and invasive personal contact being the most common. No single level or factor can fully explain adolescent sexual violence without considering its ecological interconnectedness.
引言。针对青少年的性暴力是一个影响全球年轻人的全球性问题。生态模型通过相互关联的层面来审视其形式和决定因素。目的。确定秘鲁在校青少年性暴力的发生率、特征和预测因素。材料与方法。这是一项横断面研究，对全国社会关系调查（2019年）的数据进行了二次分析。一个分层概率样本包括来自93所学校的1579名12至17岁的青少年。问卷评估了家庭和学校中的身体暴力、心理暴力和性暴力。使用逻辑回归分析估计模型，计算比值比（OR）。结果。18.68%（95%置信区间：16.80 - 20.60）遭受过某种类型的性侵犯。此外，9.75%（95%置信区间：8.28 - 11.21）报告身体的某些部位被触摸过，1.84%（95%置信区间：1.17 - 2.50）报告曾是强奸受害者。年龄被确定为微观系统中的一个风险因素（OR = 1.48）（95%置信区间：1.26 - 1.74），而首次经历性暴力的年龄起到了保护因素的作用（OR = 0.61）（95%置信区间：0.54 - 0.69）。此外，在宏观系统中，认为暴力主要发生在家庭之外的看法增加了风险（OR = 2.06）（95%置信区间：1.01 - 4.19）。结论。大约十分之二的受访者报告曾经历某种类型的性暴力，言语骚扰和侵犯性的个人接触最为常见。如果不考虑其生态关联性，没有单一的层面或因素能够完全解释青少年性暴力。
