Fiske Alan Page, Schubert Thomas W, Seibt Beate
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; email:
Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL)/CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2025 Jan;76(1):607-633. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020124-023338. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
In many instances, emotions do not simply happen to people by chance. Often, people actively seek out an emotion by engaging in practices that have culturally evolved to evoke that emotion. Such practices tend to be perpetuated and spread if people want to experience the emotion, like to recall it and tell others about it, want to give the emotion to others and experience it together, and/or regard the emotion as a sign of something wonderful. We illustrate this with a newly delineated emotion, kama muta. Many social practices around the world are structured to evoke kama muta. In those culturally evolved practices, and outside them, what typically evokes kama muta is a sudden intensification of communal sharing, or a sudden shift of attention to a communal sharing relationship. It seems probable that other social-relational emotions are also evoked by sudden changes in relationships or the sudden salience of a relationship. This change or saliencing may be incorporated in social practices that are perpetuated because they evoke the sought-after emotion. We suggest that such practices, as well as sudden changes in relationships that occur elsewhere, are especially promising places to discover social-relational emotions.
在许多情况下，情绪并非偶然地降临到人们身上。通常，人们会通过参与一些在文化发展过程中已演变为能唤起特定情绪的活动来主动寻求某种情绪。如果人们想要体验这种情绪、喜欢回忆并向他人讲述它、想要将这种情绪传递给他人并共同体验，和/或认为这种情绪是美好事物的象征，那么这些活动往往会持续存在并传播开来。我们用一种新界定的情绪“kama muta”来对此加以说明。世界各地的许多社会活动都是为了唤起“kama muta”而构建的。在那些经过文化演变的活动中以及在其之外，通常引发“kama muta”的是群体共享的突然强化，或者是注意力突然转向一种群体共享关系。其他社会关系类情绪似乎也很可能是由关系的突然变化或某种关系的突然凸显所引发的。这种变化或凸显可能会融入到因能唤起人们所追求的情绪而得以延续的社会活动中。我们认为，这类活动以及在其他地方发生的关系的突然变化，是发现社会关系类情绪的特别有前景的领域。
