Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 Feb;47(3):704-710. doi: 10.1038/s41386-021-00958-y. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
Previous cross-sectional work has demonstrated resting-state connectivity abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to typically developing controls. However, it is unclear to what extent these neural abnormalities confer risk for later symptoms of the disorder, or represent the downstream effects of symptoms on functional connectivity. Here, we studied 167 children and adolescents (mean age at baseline = 10.74 years (SD = 2.54); mean age at follow-up = 13.3 years (SD = 2.48); 56 females) with varying levels of ADHD symptoms, all of whom underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and ADHD symptom assessments on two occasions during development. Resting-state functional connectivity was quantified using eigenvector centrality mapping. Using voxelwise cross-lag modeling, we found that less connectivity at baseline within right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with more follow-up symptoms of inattention (significant at an uncorrected cluster-forming threshold of p ≤ 0.001 and a cluster-level familywise error corrected threshold of p < 0.05). Findings suggest that previously reported cross-sectional abnormalities in functional connectivity within inferior frontal gyrus in patients with ADHD may represent a longitudinal risk factor for the disorder, in line with efforts to target this region with novel therapeutic methods.
先前的横断面研究表明，与正常发育对照相比，患有注意/多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童和青少年在静息状态下的连接异常。然而，目前尚不清楚这些神经异常在多大程度上预示着该障碍的后期症状，或者代表症状对功能连接的下游影响。在这里，我们研究了 167 名儿童和青少年（基线时的平均年龄为 10.74 岁（SD=2.54）；随访时的平均年龄为 13.3 岁（SD=2.48）；女性 56 名），他们的 ADHD 症状程度不同，所有人在发育过程中都进行了两次静息状态功能磁共振成像和 ADHD 症状评估。使用特征向量中心性映射来量化静息状态功能连接。使用体素交叉滞后模型，我们发现基线时右侧下额叶内的连接性越低，随访时的注意力不集中症状越明显（在未校正的簇形成阈值 p≤0.001 和簇水平的校正后 p<0.05）。研究结果表明，ADHD 患者额叶下回内先前报道的功能连接异常可能代表该疾病的纵向风险因素，这与努力使用新的治疗方法靶向该区域的目标一致。
