Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, South Korea.
Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea.
Public Health. 2024 Sep;234:217-223. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.04.002. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
The obesity prevalence in South Korea in 2021 stood at 38.4%. South Korea faces unique challenges in providing essential and emergency guidelines for weight management because of stepping into an aging society. We aimed to determine the daily diet patterns among the general Korean population and to investigate the association between such patterns and different obesity.
Longitudinal prospective cohort study.
A total of 6539 adult participants (mean age 50.8 years, 52.9% male) with normal-weight adults were included from the Ansan-Ansung cohort of 10,030 Korean adults aged 40 or older and followed for an average of 11 years. Obesity was defined according to the criteria from the Korean Society for The Study of Obesity. Baseline dietary intake was assessed using a validated 103-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived from k-means cluster analysis.
In the multivariate analysis, referring to white rice + baechu kimchi, participants from multigrain rice + baechu kimchi showed lower HR for obesity development (waist circumference defined-obesity; HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.95; body fat percentage defined-obesity; HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98). Further analysis documented that except for body fat percentage defined-obesity, consuming milk or dairy products was linked to a reduced incidence of the other three obesity (body mass index defined-obesity; HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99; waist circumference defined-obesity; HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.94; waist-to-hip ratio defined-obesity; HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.91).
Following a diet that includes multigrain rice, fermented baechu kimchi, and dairy products is linked to a decreased risk of obesity in Korean adults. Public health programs and policies could incorporate these dietary recommendations, targeting specific population groups such as schoolchildren, adults, and the elderly. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the synergistic effects of various foods and their interactions within dietary patterns on obesity outcomes.
2021 年韩国的肥胖患病率为 38.4%。由于进入老龄化社会，韩国在提供体重管理的基本和紧急指导方面面临独特的挑战。我们旨在确定韩国普通人群的日常饮食模式，并调查这些模式与不同肥胖之间的关联。
纵向前瞻性队列研究。
从年龄在 40 岁或以上的 10030 名韩国成年人中纳入了安山-安城队列的 6539 名成年参与者（平均年龄 50.8 岁，52.9%为男性），这些参与者为体重正常的成年人，并随访了平均 11 年。肥胖根据韩国肥胖研究学会的标准定义。使用经过验证的 103 项食物频率问卷评估基线饮食摄入。通过 k-均值聚类分析得出饮食模式。
在多变量分析中，与白米饭+白菜泡菜相比，摄入糙米饭+白菜泡菜的参与者肥胖发展的 HR 较低（腰围定义的肥胖；HR：0.87，95%CI：0.79，0.95；体脂百分比定义的肥胖；HR：0.89，95%CI：0.80，0.98）。进一步分析表明，除了体脂百分比定义的肥胖外，食用牛奶或乳制品与其他三种肥胖的发病率降低有关（体重指数定义的肥胖；HR：0.84，95%CI：0.72，0.99；腰围定义的肥胖；HR：0.82，95%CI：0.71，0.94；腰臀比定义的肥胖；HR：0.75，95%CI：0.61，0.91）。
遵循包括糙米饭、发酵白菜泡菜和乳制品的饮食与韩国成年人肥胖风险降低有关。公共卫生计划和政策可以将这些饮食建议纳入其中，针对特定人群，如学童、成年人和老年人。此外，需要进一步研究探索各种食物的协同作用及其在饮食模式内对肥胖结果的相互作用。
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