Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Duke University, Kunshan, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 15;951:175148. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175148. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased risks of cardiopulmonary diseases, cancer, and mortality, whereas residing near green spaces may reduce the risks. However, limited research explores their combined effect on oxidative stress.
A total of 251 participants with multi-time measurements were included in the longitudinal-designed study. Personal gaseous air pollutants (CO, NO, NO, and O,) and particulate pollution (PM, PM, and PM) were measured and followed in two 7-day windows while ambient exposure levels and urine samples were collected simultaneously. Participants' Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was estimated and used to represent greenness exposure. Urinary oxidative stress biomarkers include free malondialdehyde (MDA), total MDA, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Linear mixed-effects models were used to independently and jointly estimate the associations of greenness and air pollution with oxidative stress biomarkers.
We found consistent positive associations of personal ozone (O) exposure with 8-OHdG percent changes, and this association was modified by gender and outdoor activity frequency. Consistent positive associations of personal lag 2-day carbon monoxide (CO) exposure with the percent changes of the three oxidative stress biomarkers were significant. We additionally observed that individuals who lived in greener areas had lower levels of urinary-free and total MDA. Participants in the highest NDVI tertile had 0.38 and 0.46 lower free and total MDA levels, [95 % CI: (-0.70, -0.05) and (-0.78, -0.13)], compared to the lowest NDVI tertile. There was also evidence indicating the modification effects by area, education, and outdoor activity frequency on associations between NDVI exposure and creatinine adjusted free MDA (all P < 0.05). Additional greenness modification effects on personal O exposure with urinary 8-OHdG was observed.
Our study provides biological evidence of the modification effect of the built environment on the impact of air pollution.
暴露于空气污染会增加心肺疾病、癌症和死亡率的风险，而居住在绿色空间附近则可能降低这些风险。然而，有限的研究探讨了它们对氧化应激的综合影响。
这项纵向设计研究共纳入了 251 名具有多次测量值的参与者。在两个 7 天的窗口内测量和随访个人气态空气污染物（CO、NO、NO 和 O ）和颗粒污染物（PM 、PM 和 PM ），同时收集环境暴露水平和尿液样本。参与者的归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）被估算并用于代表绿色暴露。尿液氧化应激生物标志物包括游离丙二醛（MDA）、总 MDA 和 8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）。线性混合效应模型用于独立和联合估计绿色和空气污染与氧化应激生物标志物的关联。
我们发现个人臭氧（O ）暴露与 8-OHdG 百分比变化呈一致的正相关，这种相关性受到性别和户外活动频率的修饰。个人滞后 2 天一氧化碳（CO）暴露与三种氧化应激生物标志物的百分比变化呈一致的正相关。我们还观察到，居住在绿色区域的个体尿液中游离和总 MDA 的水平较低。处于最高 NDVI 三分位的参与者游离和总 MDA 水平分别低 0.38 和 0.46 [95%CI:(-0.70, -0.05)和(-0.78, -0.13)]，与最低 NDVI 三分位相比。还有证据表明，环境、教育和户外活动频率对 NDVI 暴露与肌酐调整后游离 MDA 之间的关联存在修饰作用（均 P<0.05）。还观察到了个人 O 暴露与尿液 8-OHdG 之间的建筑环境修饰效应。
我们的研究提供了生物证据，证明了建筑环境对空气污染影响的修饰效应。
