Department of Orthodontics (G56), Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Head Face Med. 2024 Aug 1;20(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s13005-024-00440-2.
Since many different conclusions of craniofacial anomalies and their relation to the posterior airway space coexist, this comparative clinical study investigated the palatal morphology concerning volumetric size, posterior airway space dimension and the adenoids of patients with and without a cleft before orthodontic treatment.
Three-dimensional intraoral scans and cephalometric radiographs of n = 38 patients were used for data acquisition. The patients were divided into three groups: unilateral cleft lip and palate (n = 15, 4 female, 11 male; mean age 8.57 ± 1.79 years), bilateral cleft lip and palate (n = 8, 0 female, 8 male; mean age 8.46 ± 1.37 years) and non-cleft control (n = 15, 7 female, 8 male; mean age 9.03 ± 1.02 years). The evaluation included established procedures for measurements of the palatal morphology and posterior airway space. Statistics included Shapiro-Wilk-Test and simple ANOVA (Bonferroni) for the three-dimensional intraoral scans and cephalometric radiographs. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
The palatal volume and cephalometric analysis showed differences between the three groups. The palatal volume, the superior posterior face height and the depth of the bony nasopharynx of patients with cleft lip and palate were significantly smaller than for non-cleft control patients. The superior posterior face height of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients was significantly smaller than in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (BCLP: 35.50 ± 2.08 mm; UCLP: 36.04 ± 2.95 mm; p < 0.001). The percentage of the adenoids in relation to the entire nasopharynx and the angle NL/SN were significantly bigger in patients with cleft lip and palate than in the non-cleft control. In particular, the palatal volume was 32.43% smaller in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 48.69% smaller in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate compared to the non-cleft control.
Skeletal anomalies relate to the dimension of the posterior airway space. There were differences among the subjects with cleft lip and palate and these without a cleft. This study showed that the morphology of the palate and especially transverse deficiency of the maxilla resulting in smaller palatal volume relates to the posterior airway space. Even the adenoids seem to be affected, especially for cleft lip and palate patients.
由于存在许多不同的颅面畸形结论及其与后气道空间的关系，因此这项比较临床研究调查了正畸治疗前有无腭裂患者的腭形态，包括体积大小、后气道空间尺寸和腺样体。
使用 n = 38 名患者的三维口腔内扫描和头颅侧位片进行数据采集。患者分为三组：单侧唇腭裂（n = 15，4 名女性，11 名男性；平均年龄 8.57 ± 1.79 岁）、双侧唇腭裂（n = 8，无女性，8 名男性；平均年龄 8.46 ± 1.37 岁）和非腭裂对照组（n = 15，7 名女性，8 名男性；平均年龄 9.03 ± 1.02 岁）。评估包括用于测量腭形态和后气道空间的既定程序。统计分析包括 Shapiro-Wilk-Test 和三维口腔内扫描和头颅侧位片的简单 ANOVA（Bonferroni）。显著性水平设为 p < 0.05。
三组之间的腭容积和头影测量分析存在差异。唇腭裂患者的腭容积、上后颜面高度和骨性鼻咽深度明显小于非腭裂对照组。双侧唇腭裂患者的上后颜面高度明显小于单侧唇腭裂患者（BCLP：35.50 ± 2.08 毫米；UCLP：36.04 ± 2.95 毫米；p < 0.001）。与整个鼻咽相比，腺样体的百分比和 NL/SN 角在唇腭裂患者中明显更大。特别是单侧唇腭裂患者的腭容积比非腭裂对照组小 32.43%，双侧唇腭裂患者的腭容积比非腭裂对照组小 48.69%。
骨骼异常与后气道空间的大小有关。唇腭裂患者之间存在差异，与无腭裂者存在差异。本研究表明，腭的形态，特别是上颌的横向不足导致腭容积减小，与后气道空间有关。即使是腺样体似乎也受到影响，尤其是唇腭裂患者。
