Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
Med Sci Monit. 2018 Nov 28;24:8608-8620. doi: 10.12659/MSM.912305.
BACKGROUND In cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients, the shape of the facial soft tissues shows variety in 3 dimensions (3D). Two-dimensional (2D) photographs and radiographs are insufficient in the examination of these anomalies. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the soft tissue and craniofacial characteristics of individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), skeletal Class III malocclusions, or skeletal Class I malocclusions using 3D facial imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS The entire study group consisted of a total of 158 patients, aged 8-32 years: 29 of the patients had UCLP, 22 BCLP, 54 had skeletal Class III malocclusions, and 53 had skeletal Class I malocclusions. 3D stereophotogrammetric soft-tissue recordings of all patients were analyzed. ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to compare the groups. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of linear, angular, proportional. and volumetric measurements. While nasal differences were not observed in the Class III group, nose and upper-lip deformities were common in the CLP groups. Upper-lip projection was reduced in all 3 groups. In the Class III patients, the lower lip and chin were more prominent than in the other groups. The facial convexity angle was increased in the CLP and Class III groups. The upper-lip volume was decreased in the BCLP, the UCLP, and the Class III groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with skeletal Class III or CLP anomalies showed significantly different soft-tissue characteristics than the Class I control group. 3D stereophotogrammetric facial imaging is an easy and noninvasive method that can be used in examination and recording of these facial deformities. It is possible to make volumetric measurements using this method.
在唇腭裂（CLP）患者中，面部软组织的形态在三维（3D）上呈现出多样性。二维（2D）照片和射线照相在这些异常的检查中是不够的。本回顾性研究的目的是使用 3D 面部成像检查非综合征性单侧唇裂腭裂（UCLP）、双侧唇裂腭裂（BCLP）、骨骼 III 类错颌和骨骼 I 类错颌患者的软组织和颅面特征。
整个研究组共有 158 名患者，年龄 8-32 岁：29 名患者患有 UCLP，22 名患者患有 BCLP，54 名患者患有骨骼 III 类错颌，53 名患者患有骨骼 I 类错颌。对所有患者的 3D 立体摄影软组织记录进行分析。采用方差分析和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验比较各组。
各组间在直线、角度、比例和体积测量方面存在统计学显著差异。虽然在 III 类组中没有观察到鼻部差异，但在 CLP 组中常见鼻部和上唇畸形。所有 3 组的上唇投影均减少。在 III 类患者中，下唇和下巴比其他组更突出。CLP 和 III 类组的面凸角增加。BCLP、UCLP 和 III 类组的上唇体积减少。
骨骼 III 类或 CLP 畸形患者的软组织特征与 I 类对照组明显不同。3D 立体摄影面部成像技术是一种简单、非侵入性的方法，可用于检查和记录这些面部畸形。可以使用这种方法进行体积测量。
