Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY (ISM), CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR 7287, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP), CNRS, Aix Marseille University, UMR 7051, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
Eur J Neurosci. 2024 Sep;60(5):4798-4812. doi: 10.1111/ejn.16487. Epub 2024 Aug 2.
As a multilevel and multidisciplinary field, neuroscience is designed to interact with various branches of natural and applied sciences as well as with humanities and philosophy. The continental tradition in philosophy, particularly over the past 20 years, tended to establish strong connections with biology and neuroscience findings. This cross fertilization can however be impeded by conceptual intricacies, such as those surrounding the concept of plasticity. The use of this concept has broadened as scientists applied it to explore an ever-growing range of biological phenomena. Here, we examine the consequences of this ambiguity in an interdisciplinary context through the analysis of the concept of "destructive plasticity" in the philosophical writings of Catherine Malabou. The term "destructive plasticity" was coined by Malabou in 2009 to refer to all processes leading to psycho-cognitive and emotional alterations following traumatic or nontraumatic brain injuries or resulting from neurodevelopmental disorders. By comparing it with the neuroscientific definitions of plasticity, we discuss the epistemological obstacles and possibilities related to the integration of this concept into neuroscience. Improving interdisciplinary exchanges requires an advanced and sophisticated manipulation of neurobiological concepts. These concepts are not only intended to guide research programmes within neuroscience but also to organize and frame the dialogue between different theoretical backgrounds.
作为一个多层次和多学科的领域，神经科学旨在与自然科学和应用科学的各个分支以及人文科学和哲学相互作用。哲学的大陆传统，特别是在过去的 20 年中，往往与生物学和神经科学的发现建立了紧密的联系。然而，这种交叉授粉可能会受到概念上的复杂性的阻碍，例如围绕可塑性概念的复杂性。随着科学家们将其应用于探索越来越多的生物现象，这个概念的使用范围已经扩大。在这里，我们通过分析凯瑟琳·马拉布（Catherine Malabou）的哲学著作中“破坏性可塑性”的概念，在跨学科背景下考察了这种模糊性的后果。“破坏性可塑性”一词是由马拉布（Malabou）在 2009 年创造的，用于指所有导致心理认知和情绪改变的过程，这些改变是由创伤性或非创伤性脑损伤引起的，或者是由神经发育障碍引起的。通过将其与神经科学中可塑性的定义进行比较，我们讨论了将这个概念纳入神经科学中所涉及的认识论障碍和可能性。要改善跨学科交流，就需要对神经生物学概念进行高级和复杂的操作。这些概念不仅旨在指导神经科学内部的研究计划，而且还旨在组织和构建不同理论背景之间的对话。
