Debnath Abhijit, Mazumder Rupa, Mazumder Avijit, Tripathi Soumya, Dua Arpita, Singh Rajesh, Mangal Saloni, Sanchitra Jahanvi, Pandey Pratibha, Pal Biplab, Chaudhary Hema, Sharma Parul, Srivastava Shikha
Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), 19 Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida-201306, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Curr Gene Ther. 2024 Jul 31. doi: 10.2174/0115665232305431240726113347.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a significant tool in the realm of vaccinology, offering novel approaches to vaccine development. This study investigates the potential of miRNAs in the development of advanced vaccines, with an emphasis on how they regulate immune response and control viral replication. We go over the molecular features of miRNAs, such as their capacity to direct post-transcriptional regulation toward mRNAs, hence regulating the expression of genes in diverse tissues and cells. This property is harnessed to develop live attenuated vaccines that are tissue-specific, enhancing safety and immunogenicity. The review highlights recent advancements in using miRNA-targeted vaccines against viruses like influenza, poliovirus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus, demonstrating their attenuated replication in specific tissues while retaining immunogenicity. We also explored the function of miRNAs in the biology of cancer, highlighting their potential to develop cancer vaccines through targeting miRNAs that are overexpressed in tumor cells. The difficulties in developing miRNA vaccines are also covered in this work, including delivery, stability, off-target effects, and the requirement for individualized cancer treatment plans. We wrap off by discussing the potential of miRNA vaccines and highlighting how they will influence the development of vaccination techniques for cancer and infectious diseases in the future.
微小RNA（miRNA）已成为疫苗学领域的一项重要工具，为疫苗开发提供了新方法。本研究调查了miRNA在先进疫苗开发中的潜力，重点关注它们如何调节免疫反应和控制病毒复制。我们探讨了miRNA的分子特征，例如它们能够对mRNA进行转录后调控，从而调节不同组织和细胞中的基因表达。利用这一特性开发组织特异性的减毒活疫苗，可提高安全性和免疫原性。该综述强调了使用针对流感病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒和蜱传脑炎病毒等病毒的miRNA靶向疫苗的最新进展，证明了它们在特定组织中复制减弱的同时仍保留免疫原性。我们还探讨了miRNA在癌症生物学中的功能，强调了通过靶向肿瘤细胞中过度表达的miRNA来开发癌症疫苗的潜力。这项工作还涵盖了开发miRNA疫苗的困难，包括递送、稳定性、脱靶效应以及个性化癌症治疗方案的需求。我们最后讨论了miRNA疫苗的潜力，并强调它们未来将如何影响癌症和传染病疫苗接种技术的发展。
