School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;277(Pt 3):134334. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134334. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Ginger, a Zingeberaceae family member, is notable for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study explores the pharmaceutical mechanisms of ginger and red palm wax co-extract, developing novel niosomal formulations for enhanced transdermal delivery. Evaluations included physical characteristics, drug loading, in vitro release, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and biocompatibility. The niosomal ginger with red palm wax gel (NGPW) exhibited non-Newtonian fluid properties. The optimized niosome formulation (cholesterol: Tween80: Span60 = 12.5: 20: 5 w/w) showed a high yield (93.23 %), high encapsulation efficiency (54.71 %), and small size (264.33 ± 5.84 nm), prolonging in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Human skin irritation and biocompatibility tests on 1 % NGPW showed favorable cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility results (ISO10993). Network pharmacology identified potential targets, while molecular docking highlighted high affinities between gingerol and red palm wax compounds with TRPM8 and TRPV1 proteins, suggesting pain inhibition via serotonergic synapse pathways. NGPW presents a promising transdermal pain inhibitory drug delivery strategy.
生姜是姜科植物的一种，以其抗炎特性而闻名。本研究探讨了生姜和红棕榈蜡共提取物的药物机制，开发了新型的囊泡制剂以增强经皮给药。评估包括物理特性、载药量、体外释放、网络药理学、分子对接和生物相容性。载有红棕榈蜡的生姜纳米凝胶（NGPW）表现出非牛顿流体特性。优化的囊泡制剂（胆固醇：吐温 80：司盘 60=12.5：20：5 w/w）表现出高得率（93.23%）、高包封效率（54.71%）和小尺寸（264.33±5.84nm），延长了体外抗炎活性。1%NGPW 的人体皮肤刺激性和生物相容性试验显示出良好的细胞毒性和血液相容性结果（ISO10993）。网络药理学鉴定了潜在的靶点，而分子对接突出了姜酚和红棕榈蜡化合物与 TRPM8 和 TRPV1 蛋白之间的高亲和力，表明通过 5-羟色胺能突触途径抑制疼痛。NGPW 提出了一种有前途的经皮止痛药物递送策略。
