Rivera J C
Strasbourg, Paris, France.
Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2024 Sep;69(5):338-342. doi: 10.1016/j.anplas.2024.06.003. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
Magnus Hirschfeld was a brilliant German doctor campaigning for the decriminalization and destigmatization of homosexuality. During the very liberal Weimar Republic (1918-1933) he published his avant-garde articles, he created his Institute of Sexual Sciences (Institut für Sexualwissenschaft), where the first published transgender surgery took place, performed on Dora Richter in 1931 (we will be interested in this first report of successful intervention) and multiplied the interventions to abolish paragraph 175, penalizing "sodomy". Ultimately the rise of Nazism forced him to flee his country and end his life in France. Hirschfeld's work remained unfinished. His political activism and his over-media coverage earned him numerous criticisms even within the gay and lesbian movement of the time. Who was this strange doctor (the Einstein of sex, as an American promoter presented him during his conferences in 1930) who combined the faults, for the time, of being at the same time Jewish, homosexual and leftist?
马格努斯·赫希菲尔德是一位杰出的德国医生，他致力于推动同性恋非罪化和消除对同性恋的污名化。在非常自由的魏玛共和国时期（1918年至1933年），他发表了他的先锋派文章，创建了他的性科学研究所（Institut für Sexualwissenschaft），1931年，这里进行了首例公开的变性手术，对象是多拉·里希特（我们将关注这一成功干预的首次报告），并且他多次推动废除将“鸡奸”定为犯罪的第175条。最终，纳粹主义的兴起迫使他逃离祖国，在法国结束了一生。赫希菲尔德的工作未竟。他的政治激进主义以及过度的媒体曝光，即使在当时的同性恋运动内部也为他招致了诸多批评。这位奇怪的医生（1930年，一位美国倡导者在他的会议上称他为“性学领域的爱因斯坦”），在那个时代集身为犹太人、同性恋者和左派的“过错”于一身，他究竟是谁呢？
