Mir Hossein, Sadeghi Vahid, Vard Alireza, Dehnavi Alireza Mehri
Department of Bio-Electrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Med Signals Sens. 2024 Jul 2;14:15. doi: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_50_23. eCollection 2024.
A significant number of frames captured by the wireless capsule endoscopy are involved with varying amounts of bubbles. Whereas different studies have considered bubbles as nonuseful agents due to the fact that they reduce the visualization quality of the small intestine mucosa, this research aims to develop a practical way of assessing the rheological capability of the circular bubbles as a suggestion for future clinical diagnostic purposes.
From the Kvasir-capsule endoscopy dataset, frames with varying levels of bubble engagements were chosen in two categories based on bubble size. Border reflections are present on the edges of round-shaped bubbles in their boundaries, and in the frequency domain, high-frequency bands correspond to these edges in the spatial domain. The first step is about high-pass filtering of border reflections using wavelet transform (WT) and Differential of Gaussian, and the second step is related to applying the Fast Circlet Transform (FCT) and the Hough transform as circle detection tools on extracted borders and evaluating the distribution and abundance of all bubbles with the variety of radii.
Border's extraction using WT as a preprocessing approach makes it easier for circle detection tool for better concentration on high-frequency circular patterns. Consequently, applying FCT with predefined parameters can specify the variety and range of radius and the abundance for all bubbles in an image. The overall discrimination factor (ODF) of 15.01, and 7.1 showing distinct bubble distributions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The discrimination in ODF from datasets 1-2 suggests a relationship between the rheological properties of bubbles and their coverage area plus their abundance, highlighting the WT and FCT performance in determining bubbles' distributions for diagnostic objectives.
The implementation of an object-oriented attitude in gastrointestinal analysis makes it intelligible for gastroenterologists to approximate the constituent features of intra-intestinal fluids. this can't be evaluated until the bubbles are considered as non-useful agents. The obtained results from the datasets proved that the difference between the calculated ODF can be used as an indicator for the quality estimation of intraintestinal fluids' rheological features like viscosity, which helps gastroenterologists evaluate the quality of patient digestion.
无线胶囊内镜捕获的大量帧中含有不同数量的气泡。鉴于不同研究认为气泡是无用的因素，因为它们会降低小肠黏膜的可视化质量，本研究旨在开发一种实用方法来评估圆形气泡的流变能力，为未来临床诊断提供建议。
从Kvasir - 胶囊内镜数据集中，根据气泡大小将具有不同气泡参与程度的帧分为两类。圆形气泡边界存在边界反射，在频域中，高频带对应于空间域中的这些边界。第一步是使用小波变换（WT）和高斯差分对边界反射进行高通滤波，第二步是将快速圆变换（FCT）和霍夫变换作为圆检测工具应用于提取的边界，并评估所有不同半径气泡的分布和丰度。
使用WT作为预处理方法提取边界，使圆检测工具更容易更好地专注于高频圆形图案。因此，应用具有预定义参数的FCT可以指定图像中所有气泡的半径种类、范围和丰度。总体判别因子（ODF）为15.01和7.1，显示出胃肠道（GI）中不同的气泡分布。数据集1 - 2中ODF的差异表明气泡的流变特性与其覆盖面积和丰度之间的关系，突出了WT和FCT在确定气泡分布以用于诊断目的方面的性能。
在胃肠道分析中采用面向对象的方法，使胃肠病学家能够理解肠内液体的组成特征。在将气泡视为无用因素之前，这是无法评估的。从数据集中获得的结果证明，计算出的ODF之间的差异可以用作肠内液体流变特征（如粘度）质量评估的指标，这有助于胃肠病学家评估患者消化的质量。
