Institute of Information and Statistics Center, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jul 19;12:1398396. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1398396. eCollection 2024.
Accumulating research suggested that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence regarding the relationship between PM and CVD risk factors remains inconsistent. We hypothesized that this association may be partially modified by socioeconomic status (SES). To investigate the relationships and to test the modifying effect of SES, we included baseline data for 21,018 adults from September 2017 to May 2018. PM concentrations were determined by employing an amalgamation of linear measurements obtained from monitoring stations located near the participants' residential and workplace addresses. We assessed SES across several domains, including income, education, and occupation levels, as well as through a composite SES index. The results indicated that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM exposure, the risk of hypercholesterolemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, diabetes, and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) increased by 7.7% [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.077, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.011, 1.146], 19.6% (OR = 1.196, 95% CI = 1.091, 1.312), 4.2% (OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.084), and 17.1% (OR = 1.171, 95% CI = 1.133, 1.209), respectively. Compared to the high SES group, those with low SES are more prone to hypercholesterolemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, diabetes, and HHcy. Notably, the disparities in SES appear significant in the relationship between PM exposure and hypercholesterolemia as well as hyperbetalipoproteinemia. But for diabetes and HHcy, the modification effect of SES on PM shows an inconsistent pattern. In conclusion, the results confirm the association between PM and cardiovascular risk factors and low SES significantly amplified the adverse PM effect on dyslipidemia. It is crucial to emphasize a need to improve the socioeconomic inequality among adults in Beijing and contribute to the understanding of the urgency in protecting the health of vulnerable groups.
越来越多的研究表明，长期暴露于细颗粒物（PM）与心血管疾病（CVD）有关。然而，关于 PM 与 CVD 危险因素之间关系的证据仍然不一致。我们假设这种关联可能部分受社会经济地位（SES）的影响。为了研究这种关系并检验 SES 的调节作用，我们纳入了 2017 年 9 月至 2018 年 5 月期间 21018 名成年人的基线数据。PM 浓度是通过综合监测站在参与者居住和工作地址附近采集的线性测量数据来确定的。我们通过收入、教育和职业水平以及综合 SES 指数等多个领域评估 SES。结果表明，PM 暴露每增加 10μg/m3，患高胆固醇血症、高β脂蛋白血症、糖尿病和高同型半胱氨酸血症（HHcy）的风险分别增加 7.7%[比值比（OR）=1.077，95%置信区间（CI）=1.011，1.146]、19.6%（OR=1.196，95%CI=1.091，1.312）、4.2%（OR=1.042，95%CI=1.002，1.084）和 17.1%（OR=1.171，95%CI=1.133，1.209）。与 SES 较高的组相比，SES 较低的人更容易患高胆固醇血症、高β脂蛋白血症、糖尿病和 HHcy。值得注意的是，PM 暴露与高胆固醇血症和高β脂蛋白血症之间的 SES 差异显著，但糖尿病和 HHcy 中 SES 对 PM 的调节作用呈现不一致的模式。总之，结果证实了 PM 与心血管危险因素之间的关联，且低 SES 显著放大了 PM 对血脂异常的不良影响。需要强调的是，应改善北京市成年人的社会经济不平等，这有助于了解保护弱势群体健康的紧迫性。
