Antibiogram profiling and detection of and genes from and coagulase-negative spp. of healthy bovine raw milk sample origin.

OBJECTIVE

This study focused on the antibiogram profiling of and coagulase-negative spp (CoNS) and the detection of and genes from bovine raw milk samples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Bovine milk samples were collected from dairy farms, and spp. were isolated and identified via conventional and molecular screening. Disk diffusion test (DDT) was implemented to determine the resistance pattern. Biofilm and β-lactamase-producing spp. were identified via amplification of the and genes. Methicillin-resistant and CoNS were identified by DDT and PCR of the gene.

RESULTS

From 63 samples, 35 were confirmed as spp., of which 16 (25.39%) isolates were coagulase-positive, while 19 (30.16%) were negative. PCR confirmed that 50% (8/16) of and 36.84% (7/19) of CoNS possessed the gene. All isolates were found resistant to penicillin-G (P) both phenotypically and genotypically. The isolates were also resistant to erythromycin (ERY) and oxytetracycline (TET). While CoNS showed high to reduced resistance against P, TET, ERY, and azithromycin, no isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, while 10.53% of CoNS isolates were. All and CoNS isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and gentamicin. MR was exhibited by 37.5% of and 42.10% of CoNS isolates. Moreover, and CoNS had 56.25% and 52.63% multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The present study revealed the presence of a biofilm-producing, MDR staphylococcal strain in milk that might endanger consumers. Routine surveillance and monitoring, along with antimicrobial resistance learning, can reduce risks.