Investigation of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes in and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from rabbit.

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Staphylococci, which inhabit skin and mucous membranes in humans and animals, are opportunistic pathogens. Coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the two main groups. Clinical abscesses in rabbits often harbor and CoNS. This study estimated and CoNS prevalence, resistance profiles, antimicrobial-resistant genes, and the accessory gene regulator () group in rabbit clinical abscesses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty-seven abscesses were gathered from 67 rabbits who visited Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital in Nakornpathom, Thailand, from January 2014 to October 2015. Thirty-four subcutaneous, 29 dental, 2 ocular, 1 mammary gland, and 1 uterine abscess were present. Conventional methods, including Gram staining, mannitol fermentation, hemolysis on blood agar, catalase testing, and coagulase production, identified and isolated and CoNS from all abscesses. All and CoNS isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of Z, A-D, A, K, A, A, G, and antimicrobial-resistant genes. Methicillin resistance was identified through the detection of a cefoxitin-resistant phenotype and the presence of A gene. Further investigation was conducted on the group of isolates.

RESULTS

In 67 abscesses, we found 19 isolates in 9 abscesses (13.43%) and 37 CoNS isolates in 18 abscesses (26.87%), both majorly located at subcutaneous sites. About 59.46% of CoNS isolates were methicillin-resistant compared to 5.26% of isolates. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) both displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). Both MRSA and MRCoNS expressed multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including Z, A-D, A, A, A, K, and G. Approximately 73.68% of the groups were I, 15.79% were III, and 10.53% were II.

CONCLUSION

This study found a high prevalence of MRCoNS with antimicrobial resistance and multiple antimicrobial-resistant genes in rabbits with clinical abscesses. The effectiveness of antibiotics against infections caused by such strains is a matter of concern. Owners should be educated about the importance of good hygiene practices and judicious antibiotic use to prevent widespread antimicrobial resistance.