Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2024 Aug;153(8):1973-1996. doi: 10.1037/xge0001613.
How do groups remember their shared past? Are there individual differences within a group? How easy is it to change collective memories? The present article addresses these questions by focusing on differences within national subgroups, exploring how national collective memories might differ for Black and White Americans, how individual differences and external influences might moderate or alter any differences, and the temporal extent of any changes that might occur due to external influences. Across four studies, participants were asked to identify the five "most important" events in U.S. history and then asked about their political ideology and racial and national identification, though not in every study. Although individual differences emerged, Black and White participants differed in the types of events they identified as important in U.S. history, with Black participants identifying more race-relevant events than White participants and White participants identifying more traditional founding events than Black participants. As to changes in collective memory, in response to a minimal identity salience manipulation, the murder of George Floyd, and July 4th celebrations, national collective memories evidenced malleability only after the murder of George Floyd. In this instance, the mention of race-relevant events increased, even as the frequency of mention of traditional founding events remained stable. The observed increase in race-relevant events was temporary, however. Findings are discussed in relation to contemporary discussions on collective memory, especially with respect to group differences, individual differences within groups, and mnemonic inertia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
群体如何记住共同的过去？群体内部是否存在个体差异？改变集体记忆容易吗？本文通过关注国家亚群体内部的差异来回答这些问题，探讨美国黑人和白人的国家集体记忆可能有何不同，个体差异和外部影响如何调节或改变任何差异，以及由于外部影响可能导致的任何变化的时间范围。在四项研究中，要求参与者识别美国历史上的五个“最重要”事件，然后询问他们的政治意识形态以及种族和民族认同，但并非在每项研究中都如此。尽管存在个体差异，但黑人和白人参与者在他们认为对美国历史重要的事件类型上存在差异，黑人参与者比白人参与者更多地识别与种族相关的事件，而白人参与者比黑人参与者更多地识别传统建国事件。至于集体记忆的变化，在受到最小身份突显的影响下，乔治·弗洛伊德之死和 7 月 4 日的庆祝活动仅在乔治·弗洛伊德之死后，国家集体记忆才表现出可塑。在这种情况下，提到与种族相关的事件增加了，尽管提到传统建国事件的频率保持稳定。然而，观察到的与种族相关的事件的增加是暂时的。研究结果与当代关于集体记忆的讨论有关，特别是与群体差异、群体内部的个体差异以及记忆惯性有关。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
