Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis.
Am Psychol. 2021 Dec;76(9):1388-1400. doi: 10.1037/amp0000938.
Collective memory refers to the memories that individuals have as members of the groups to which they belong, whether small (family, school) or large (political party, nation). Membership in some groups can form a strong part of a person's individual identity. Collective memory is history as people remember it; it is not formal history, because the "memories" of a group are often contradicted by historical fact. Although collective memory is held within individuals, it has rarely been studied by psychologists, because they have concentrated on studying the learning of individual events (such as word lists) in the laboratory or retrieving events of one's life (autobiographical memory). Three facets of collective memory are the focus of this article. First, collective memory can be a body of knowledge about a topic. However, this knowledge base may change over generations of a people. Second, collective memory often portrays an image of a people, and often this image arises from the group's origin story or charter. Third, collective memory is a process; collective remembering can reveal disputes and contestations about how the past should be remembered. One useful purpose of collective memory studies is to capture how different groups and societies remember their history and to discern their shared perspective on the world and how such perspectives differ among groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
集体记忆是指个人作为所属群体成员所拥有的记忆，无论这些群体是小的（如家庭、学校）还是大的（如政党、民族）。某些群体的成员身份可能构成个人身份的重要组成部分。集体记忆是人们所记得的历史；它不是正式的历史，因为一个群体的“记忆”常常与历史事实相矛盾。尽管集体记忆存在于个体内部，但心理学家很少研究它，因为他们专注于在实验室中研究个体事件（如单词列表）的学习或检索个人生活中的事件（自传体记忆）。本文重点介绍了集体记忆的三个方面。首先，集体记忆可以是关于某个主题的知识体系。然而，这个知识库可能会随着一代人的更替而发生变化。其次，集体记忆通常描绘了一个民族的形象，而这种形象往往源于该民族的起源故事或宪章。第三，集体记忆是一个过程；集体记忆可以揭示过去应该如何被记忆的争议和争议。集体记忆研究的一个有用目的是捕捉不同群体和社会如何记住他们的历史，并辨别他们对世界的共同看法以及这些看法在群体之间的差异。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
