Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Nutr Res. 2024 Aug;128:105-114. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.07.002. Epub 2024 Jul 14.
Artificial intelligence chatbots based on large language models have recently emerged as an alternative to traditional online searches and are also entering the nutrition space. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether the artificial intelligence chatbots ChatGPT and Bard (now Gemini) can create meal plans that meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) for different dietary patterns. We further hypothesized that nutritional adequacy could be improved by modifying the prompts used. Meal plans were generated by 3 accounts for different dietary patterns (omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan) using 2 distinct prompts resulting in 108 meal plans total. The nutrient content of the plans was subsequently analyzed and compared to the DRIs. On average, the meal plans contained less energy and carbohydrates but mostly exceeded the DRI for protein. Vitamin D and fluoride fell below the DRI for all plans, whereas only the vegan plans contained insufficient vitamin B. ChatGPT suggested using vitamin B supplements in 5 of 18 instances, whereas Bard never recommended supplements. There were no significant differences between the prompts or the tools. Although the meal plans generated by ChatGPT and Bard met most DRIs, there were some exceptions, particularly for vegan diets. These tools maybe useful for individuals looking for general dietary inspiration, but they should not be relied on to create nutritionally adequate meal plans, especially for individuals with restrictive dietary needs.
基于大型语言模型的人工智能聊天机器人最近作为传统在线搜索的替代品出现，也开始进入营养领域。在这项研究中，我们想调查人工智能聊天机器人 ChatGPT 和 Bard（现在称为 Gemini）是否可以为不同的饮食模式制定符合膳食参考摄入量（DRI）的膳食计划。我们进一步假设通过修改提示词可以提高营养充足度。使用 2 种不同的提示词，由 3 个账户为不同的饮食模式（杂食、素食和纯素）生成了 108 份膳食计划。随后分析了计划的营养成分，并将其与 DRI 进行比较。平均而言，这些膳食计划的能量和碳水化合物含量较低，但蛋白质含量大多超过 DRI。所有计划的维生素 D 和氟化物都低于 DRI，而只有素食计划的维生素 B 含量不足。ChatGPT 在 18 次中有 5 次建议使用维生素 B 补充剂，而 Bard 从未建议补充剂。提示词和工具之间没有显著差异。尽管 ChatGPT 和 Bard 生成的膳食计划符合大多数 DRI，但也有一些例外，特别是对于素食饮食。这些工具可能对寻求一般饮食灵感的个人有用，但不应依赖它们来制定营养充足的膳食计划，特别是对于有严格饮食需求的个人。
