Moeller Hans-Georg, D'Ambrosio Paul J, Stirn Aglaja, Ponseti Jorge
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Macau, Macau.
Institute of Modern Chinese Thought, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Linacre Q. 2024 Aug;91(3):278-295. doi: 10.1177/00243639231184041. Epub 2023 Jul 27.
Combining a philosophical approach with empirical psychology, this essay investigates the relationship between "profilicity," the formation of identity in orientation to profiles, and gender identity. We discuss empirical research that indicates a significant difference between transgender identity in traditional (collectivist) and modern (individualist) societies. We suggest that this difference is due to a shift in the formation of gender identity away from gender roles and toward gender profiles. To substantiate this claim, we first outline a basic theoretical terminology of identity and gender. Then, we critically analyze the representation of gender, including transgender, in contemporary popular culture. Finally-with a descriptive, but not therapeutic intention-we discuss several case studies of identity formation of transgender people. We conclude that theoretical problems arising from historical shifts in gender identity formation, including transgender identity formation, are best conceptualized in terms of profilicity rather than in the still prevailing semantics of authenticity.
本文将哲学方法与实证心理学相结合，探讨了“形象化倾向”（即认同形象塑造过程中的身份形成）与性别认同之间的关系。我们讨论了实证研究，该研究表明传统（集体主义）社会和现代（个人主义）社会中跨性别身份存在显著差异。我们认为这种差异是由于性别认同的形成从性别角色转向了性别形象。为了证实这一观点，我们首先概述了身份和性别的基本理论术语。然后，我们批判性地分析了当代流行文化中包括跨性别者在内的性别的呈现方式。最后——出于描述而非治疗目的——我们讨论了几个跨性别者身份形成的案例研究。我们得出结论，性别认同形成的历史转变（包括跨性别身份形成）所引发的理论问题，最好从形象化倾向的角度而非仍然盛行的真实性语义学角度来进行概念化。
