Department of Orthopedic Surgery Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
J Immunol Res. 2024 Jul 26;2024:4751168. doi: 10.1155/2024/4751168. eCollection 2024.
In recent years, as the aging population continues to grow, osteoarthritis (OA) has emerged as a leading cause of disability, with its incidence rising annually. Current treatments of OA include exercise and medications in the early stages and total joint replacement in the late stages. These approaches only relieve pain and reduce inflammation; however, they have significant side effects and high costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify effective treatment methods that can delay the pathological progression of this condition. The changes in the articular cartilage microenvironment, which are complex and diverse, can aggravate the pathological progression into a vicious cycle, inhibiting the repair and regeneration of articular cartilage. Understanding these intricate changes in the microenvironment is crucial for devising effective treatment modalities. By searching relevant research articles and clinical trials in PubMed according to the keywords of articular cartilage, microenvironment, OA, mechanical force, hypoxia, cytokine, and cell senescence. This study first summarizes the factors affecting articular cartilage regeneration, then proposes corresponding treatment strategies, and finally points out the future research direction. We find that regulating the opening of mechanosensitive ion channels, regulating the expression of HIF-1, delivering growth factors, and clearing senescent cells can promote the formation of articular cartilage regeneration microenvironment. This study provides a new idea for the treatment of OA in the future, which can promote the regeneration of articular cartilage through the regulation of the microenvironment so as to achieve the purpose of treating OA.
近年来，随着人口老龄化的不断增长，骨关节炎（OA）已成为主要致残原因，其发病率逐年上升。OA 的目前治疗方法包括早期的运动和药物治疗以及晚期的全关节置换。这些方法只能缓解疼痛和减轻炎症；然而，它们有显著的副作用和高成本。因此，迫切需要确定有效的治疗方法，以延缓这种疾病的病理进展。关节软骨微环境的变化复杂多样，会加重病理进展进入恶性循环，抑制关节软骨的修复和再生。了解微环境中的这些复杂变化对于制定有效的治疗方式至关重要。通过在 PubMed 中根据关节软骨、微环境、OA、机械力、缺氧、细胞因子和细胞衰老等关键词搜索相关研究文章和临床试验。本研究首先总结了影响关节软骨再生的因素，然后提出了相应的治疗策略，最后指出了未来的研究方向。我们发现，调节机械敏感离子通道的开放、调节 HIF-1 的表达、递送生长因子和清除衰老细胞可以促进关节软骨再生微环境的形成。本研究为未来 OA 的治疗提供了一个新的思路，可以通过调节微环境促进关节软骨的再生，从而达到治疗 OA 的目的。
