Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
J Immunol Res. 2024 Jul 25;2024:4481452. doi: 10.1155/2024/4481452. eCollection 2024.
Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as pivotal players in the pathophysiology of sepsis, representing a new frontier in both the diagnosis and treatment of this complex condition. Sepsis, a severe systemic response to infection, involves intricate immune and nonimmune mechanisms, where exosome-mediated communication can significantly influence disease progression and outcomes. During the progress of sepsis, the miRNA profile of exosomes undergoes notable alterations, is reflecting, and may affect the progression of the disease. This review comprehensively explores the biology of exosome-derived miRNAs, which originate from both immune cells (such as macrophages and dendritic cells) and nonimmune cells (such as endothelial and epithelial cells) and play a dynamic role in modulating pathways that affect the course of sepsis, including those related to inflammation, immune response, cell survival, and apoptosis. Taking into account these dynamic changes, we further discuss the potential of exosome-derived miRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of sepsis and advantages over traditional biomarkers due to their stability and specificity. Furthermore, this review evaluates exosome-based therapeutic miRNA delivery systems in sepsis, which may pave the way for targeted modulation of the septic response and personalized treatment options.
外泌体来源的 microRNAs（miRNAs）在脓毒症的病理生理学中作为关键因子出现，代表了这种复杂疾病的诊断和治疗的一个新前沿。脓毒症是一种严重的全身感染反应，涉及复杂的免疫和非免疫机制，其中外泌体介导的通讯可以显著影响疾病的进展和结局。在脓毒症的进展过程中，外泌体 miRNA 的谱发生显著改变，反映并可能影响疾病的进展。这篇综述全面探讨了外泌体衍生 miRNA 的生物学特性，这些 miRNA 来源于免疫细胞（如巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）和非免疫细胞（如内皮细胞和上皮细胞），并在调节影响脓毒症进程的途径中发挥动态作用，包括与炎症、免疫反应、细胞存活和凋亡相关的途径。考虑到这些动态变化，我们进一步讨论了外泌体衍生 miRNA 作为脓毒症早期检测和预后标志物的潜力，以及与传统标志物相比，它们具有稳定性和特异性的优势。此外，本综述评估了脓毒症中基于外泌体的治疗性 miRNA 递送系统，这可能为靶向调节脓毒症反应和个体化治疗方案铺平道路。
