Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Trikallon 224, 43100, Karditsa, Greece.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00, Larissa, Greece.
J Ultrasound. 2024 Dec;27(4):813-823. doi: 10.1007/s40477-024-00935-3. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Venous thrombosis has been widely studied in humans, but not in dogs. This study was designed to evaluate a venous thrombus in dogs, from creation to solution, by means of various ultrasonographic techniques. Nine healthy Beagle dogs were included in the study. The venous thrombus was formatted by puncturing the lumen of the external jugular veins and then, the veins were examined with B-mode, color Doppler, pulsed-wave Doppler, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) techniques, at regular intervals, within 210-270 min after venipuncture. Haemodynamic parameters were calculated at two different locations, before and after the site of the thrombus formation. The existence of a thrombus was confirmed by CEUS technique. Thrombus volume and echogenicity were evaluated. The results showed that the visualization of the venous thrombus by color Doppler modality was not feasible in some veins. The blood volume was the parameter that could more precisely indicate the presence or absence of a thrombus. In cases where thrombus volume was less than 0.001 cm, it was impossible to detect its presence using haemodynamic parameters. The CEUS imaging depicted accurately the size and shape of an anechoic venous thrombus, even when its volume was 0.001cm.
静脉血栓在人类中得到了广泛研究，但在犬中却没有。本研究旨在通过各种超声技术评估犬的静脉血栓，从形成到溶解的全过程。纳入 9 只健康比格犬进行研究。通过刺穿颈外静脉管腔形成静脉血栓，然后在静脉穿刺后 210-270 分钟内定期使用 B 模式、彩色多普勒、脉冲波多普勒和对比增强超声（CEUS）技术进行检查。在血栓形成部位之前和之后的两个不同位置计算血流动力学参数。通过 CEUS 技术确认血栓的存在。评估血栓体积和回声强度。结果表明，在一些静脉中，彩色多普勒模式无法可视化静脉血栓。血流体积是更能准确指示血栓存在与否的参数。在血栓体积小于 0.001cm 的情况下，使用血流动力学参数不可能检测到其存在。CEUS 成像准确地描绘了无回声静脉血栓的大小和形状，即使其体积为 0.001cm 也是如此。
