Cenderadewi Muthia, Devine Susan G, Peden Amy E, Franklin Richard Charles
College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
Inj Prev. 2024 Aug 6. doi: 10.1136/ip-2024-045274.
A high burden of unintentional fatal drowning has been reported in low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about unintentional drowning in Indonesia.
This population-based retrospective cohort study analysed unintentional drowning data for Indonesia sourced from The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimates of trends, mortality rates, incidence rates, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability adjusted life years were generated.
A decline in unintentional drowning mortality rates was observed, with an average annual mortality rate of 2.58/100 000. Males were 1.81 (95% CI 1.79 to 1.84) times more likely than females to unintentionally drown. Average annual mortality rates were highest among the under-5 age group (9.67/100 000) and 70 and over (5.71/100 000 for males; 5.14/100 000 for females). Distributions of drowning deaths vary depending on region, with mortality rates higher in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara regions.
While a decline in drowning mortality rates in Indonesia was identified between 2005 and 2019, mortality rates for unintentional drowning remained high among children under 5 years, the elderly population and those residing in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara, warranting further focused attention.
A downward trend in the rate of unintentional drowning deaths in Indonesia is observed from 2005 onwards, with risk variation based on age, gender and region. The findings highlight the importance of addressing drowning as a cause of premature mortality and health system burden in Indonesia, including through enhancing drowning data collection systems and identifying drowning risk factors.
据报道，低收入和中等收入国家非故意伤害性溺水致死负担沉重。然而，关于印度尼西亚非故意伤害性溺水的情况却知之甚少。
这项基于人群的回顾性队列研究分析了源自《2019年全球疾病负担研究》的印度尼西亚非故意伤害性溺水数据。生成了趋势、死亡率、发病率、伤残调整生命年（YLDs）和伤残调整生命年的估计值。
观察到非故意伤害性溺水死亡率呈下降趋势，平均年死亡率为2.58/10万。男性非故意伤害性溺水的可能性是女性的1.81倍（95%置信区间1.79至1.84）。平均年死亡率在5岁以下年龄组（9.67/10万）以及70岁及以上人群中最高（男性为5.71/10万；女性为5.14/10万）。溺水死亡分布因地区而异，巴布亚、加里曼丹、苏拉威西、马鲁古、苏门答腊和努沙登加拉地区的死亡率较高。
虽然在2005年至2019年期间印度尼西亚溺水死亡率有所下降，但5岁以下儿童、老年人群以及居住在巴布亚、加里曼丹、苏拉威西、马鲁古、苏门答腊和努沙登加拉的人群中非故意伤害性溺水死亡率仍然很高，值得进一步重点关注。
从2005年起，印度尼西亚非故意伤害性溺水死亡发生率呈下降趋势，且存在基于年龄、性别和地区的风险差异。研究结果凸显了应对溺水问题作为印度尼西亚过早死亡原因和卫生系统负担的重要性，包括加强溺水数据收集系统以及识别溺水风险因素。
