College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Bebegu Yumba Campus, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia.
Medical Faculty, University of Mataram, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara 83126, Indonesia.
Health Promot Int. 2023 Oct 1;38(5). doi: 10.1093/heapro/daad130.
Little is known about unintentional drowning deaths in Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous and largest archipelagic country. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and risk factors of unintentional drowning in Indonesia and explore existing health promotion and drowning prevention approaches in Indonesia within a socio-ecological health promotion framework. A scoping review, guided by PRISMA-ScR, was conducted to locate peer-reviewed studies and government reports/policy documents published until May 2023, in English or Indonesian language, using MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Informit, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Scopus, SafetyLit, BioMed Central and Google Scholar, Indonesian journal databases (Sinta, Garuda) and government agencies websites around the terms: drown, swim, flood, hurricane, cyclone, disaster, water rescue and maritime/boat safety. This review identified 32 papers. However, a paucity of information on unintentional drowning rates, risk factors and prevention in Indonesia was noted. The unavailability of a coordinated national drowning data collection system in Indonesia, from which national and subnational subcategory data can be collected, underlines the possibility of under-representation of drowning mortality. The association between various exposures and drowning incidents has not been fully investigated. An over-reliance on individual-focused, behaviour-based, preventive measures was observed. These findings highlight the need for improving drowning surveillance to ensure the availability and reliability of drowning data; and strengthening research to understand the risk factors for drowning and delivery of drowning prevention programs. Further policy development and research focusing on health promotion approaches that reflect a socio-ecological approach to drowning prevention in Indonesia is imperative.
印度尼西亚是世界上第四大人口大国和最大的群岛国家，但人们对其国内非故意伤害性溺水死亡事件知之甚少。本研究旨在描述印度尼西亚非故意伤害性溺水事件的流行病学和危险因素，并在社会生态健康促进框架内探讨印度尼西亚现有的健康促进和溺水预防方法。本研究通过 PRISMA-ScR 指南，以英语或印度尼西亚语，在 MEDLINE（Ovid）、CINAHL、Informit、PsycINFO（ProQuest）、Scopus、SafetyLit、BioMed Central 和 Google Scholar、印度尼西亚期刊数据库（Sinta、Garuda）和政府机构网站上搜索截至 2023 年 5 月发表的同行评议研究和政府报告/政策文件，检索条件为：溺水、游泳、洪水、飓风、气旋、灾害、水上救援和海上/船只安全。本综述共确定了 32 篇论文。然而，本研究注意到印度尼西亚在非故意伤害性溺水率、危险因素和预防方面的信息匮乏。印度尼西亚缺乏协调一致的全国溺水数据收集系统，无法收集全国和次国家亚类别的数据，这可能导致溺水死亡率被低估。各种暴露因素与溺水事件之间的关联尚未得到充分研究。此外，还观察到过度依赖于以个人为中心、基于行为的预防措施。这些发现强调需要改善溺水监测，以确保溺水数据的可用性和可靠性；并加强研究，以了解溺水风险因素和实施溺水预防计划。进一步制定政策和开展研究，重点关注反映印度尼西亚溺水预防的社会生态方法的健康促进方法至关重要。
