Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Bebegu Yumba Campus, 1 James Cook Dr, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Jalan Pemuda Nomor 37, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara 83127, Indonesia.
Health Promot Int. 2024 Aug 1;39(4). doi: 10.1093/heapro/daae113.
Child drowning is a significant public health issue in Indonesia, however, there is insufficient understanding of the issue and its associated risk factors within communities. This qualitative study aimed to explore parental and community perceptions and practices related to child drowning in Indonesian communities, and the perceived causes and risk factors. Seven focus group discussions (n = 62) were conducted with parents of children aged under-5 years and village community leaders in seven villages across all districts of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. The thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke's framework, used both deductive approaches, utilizing the Health Belief Model's constructs and inductive approaches. Most participants were unaware of the susceptibility of their children and others in their community to drowning and of the potential severe outcomes of drowning such as injury, disability and death. Participants generally associated drowning with beaches or open seas. Unprotected wells, tubs and buckets were identified as notable risk factors for child drowning in and around the home, shaped by some experience of child drowning incidents in the community. Supervision was identified as protective factor, however, mothers were often unavailable to supervise children, and supervision responsibility was often delegated to other family and community members. This study highlights the urgent need to enhance public awareness regarding children's susceptibility to drowning. Further exploration of local contexts and social determinants of drowning in Indonesian communities is crucial for ensuring effective water safety and drowning prevention strategies.
儿童溺水是印度尼西亚一个重大的公共卫生问题，但社区对该问题及其相关风险因素的认识不足。本项定性研究旨在探讨印度尼西亚社区中与儿童溺水相关的父母和社区观念及实践，以及感知到的溺水原因和风险因素。在西努沙登加拉省龙目岛的七个村庄中，对 62 名 5 岁以下儿童的父母和村庄社区领导人进行了七次焦点小组讨论。参与者是通过目的性和滚雪球抽样招募的。主题分析以 Braun 和 Clarke 的框架为指导，同时使用演绎方法，利用健康信念模型的结构和归纳方法。大多数参与者都不知道他们的孩子和社区其他人容易溺水，也不知道溺水可能导致的严重后果，如受伤、残疾和死亡。参与者通常将溺水与海滩或开阔海域联系在一起。未受保护的水井、浴盆和水桶被确定为家庭内部和周围儿童溺水的显著风险因素，这与社区中一些儿童溺水事件的经验有关。监督被认为是保护因素，但母亲通常无法监督孩子，监督责任经常委托给其他家庭和社区成员。本研究强调了迫切需要提高公众对儿童易溺水的认识。进一步探讨印度尼西亚社区中溺水的地方背景和社会决定因素，对于确保有效的水上安全和溺水预防策略至关重要。
