Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy.
Directorate General of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicines, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy.
Pharm Res. 2024 Aug;41(8):1557-1571. doi: 10.1007/s11095-024-03756-5. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
The emergence of antimicrobic-resistant infectious pathogens and the consequent rising in the incidence and prevalence of demises caused by or associated to infections which are not sensitive to drug treatments is one of today's major global health challenges. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can bring to therapeutic failure, infection's persistence and risk of serious illness, in particular in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, patients with neoplastic diseases or the immunocompromised. It is assessed that AMR will induce until 10 million deaths per year by 2050, becoming the leading cause of disease-related deaths. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations General Assembly urgently call for new measures to combat the phenomenon. Research and development of new antimicrobial agents has decreased due to market failure. However, promising results are coming from new alternative therapeutic strategies such as monoclonal antibodies, microbiome modulators, nanomaterial-based therapeutics, vaccines, and phages. This narrative review aimed to analyse the benefits and weaknesses of alternative therapeutic strategies to antibiotics which treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
抗微生物耐药性感染性病原体的出现以及由此导致的对药物不敏感的感染导致的发病率和患病率的上升，是当今全球主要的健康挑战之一。抗生素耐药性（AMR）可导致治疗失败、感染持续存在和罹患重病的风险，特别是在老年人、患有肿瘤疾病或免疫功能低下的弱势群体中。据评估，到 2050 年，抗生素耐药性每年将导致 1000 万人死亡，成为与疾病相关死亡的主要原因。世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国大会紧急呼吁采取新措施来对抗这一现象。由于市场失灵，新的抗菌药物的研发已经减少。然而，新的替代治疗策略，如单克隆抗体、微生物组调节剂、基于纳米材料的治疗方法、疫苗和噬菌体，带来了有希望的结果。本综述旨在分析替代治疗策略对抗生素治疗多重耐药细菌感染的优势和劣势。
