Comparative genomic analyses on assassin bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) reveal genetic bases governing the diet-shift.

Genetic basis underlying the biodiversity and phenotypic plasticity are fascinating questions in evolutionary biology. Such molecular diversity can be achieved at multi-omics levels. Here, we sequenced the first chromosome-level genome of assassin bug , a polyphagous generalist predator for biological control of agroecosystems. Compared to non-predatory true bugs and , the -specific genes were enriched in diet-related genes (e.g., serine proteinase, cytochrome P450) which had higher expression level and more exons than non-diet genes. Extensive A-to-I RNA editing was identified in all three species and showed enrichment in genes associated with diet in , diversifying the transcriptome. An extended analysis between five predaceous and 27 phytophagous hemipteran species revealed an expansion of diet-related genes in . Our findings bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype, and also advance our understanding on genetic and epigenetic bases governing the diet shifts in ture bugs.