S Aseela, S Santhi, Ts Anish, Mahadevan Shriraam
Community Health Nursing, Government College of Nursing, Thiruvananthapuram, IND.
Nursing, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 7;16(7):e64005. doi: 10.7759/cureus.64005. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Diabetes mellitus is a major, chronic, and progressive lifestyle disease. It adversely affects patients' quality of life, effectiveness, and well-being. Self-care practices are universally recognized as imperative to keep the illness under control and prevent complications. Self-efficacy is one of the factors involved in the successful self-care of diabetic patients. The primary objective of the study was to estimate the proportion of diabetes self-efficacy and to assess the correlation of diabetes self-efficacy with glycemic control, and the well-being of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The secondary objective was to assess the factors associated with diabetes self-efficacy.
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among T2DM patients attending the non-communicable disease clinic in the outreach centers of Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Four hundred patients with T2DM were included in the study. Diabetes self-efficacy was assessed by the Stanford Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale and the WHO-5 index scale was used to assess wellbeing. Glycemic control was determined by HbA1C estimation, with ≤7% as good control.
Among 400 patients with T2DM, 51.25 % (95% CI: 46.2-56.2) had high diabetes self-efficacy. A significantly negative correlation was found between HbA1C and self-efficacy (r =- 0.208, p = 0.01), and a positive correlation was shown between well-being and self-efficacy (r = 0.418, p = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis found that factors associated with diabetes self-efficacy were upper socioeconomic status (OR = 8.53, 95% CI: 3.06-13.82), family support (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.10-3.54), participation in diabetes education classes (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.10-3.54), diet compliance (OR = 4.74, 95% CI: 2.80-8.01), glycemic control (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01-2.84), and overall wellbeing (OR = 6.7, 95% CI: 3.84-11.64).
The proportion of high diabetes self-efficacy was 51.25% (95% CI: 46.2-56.2). The factors associated with diabetes self-efficacy were family support, participation in diabetes education classes, high socioeconomic status, absence of complications, good glycemic control, and well-being. The study findings depicted that high self-efficacy was significantly correlated with good glycemic control and well-being of patients with T2DM.
糖尿病是一种主要的、慢性的、渐进性的生活方式疾病。它对患者的生活质量、有效性和幸福感产生不利影响。自我护理措施被普遍认为是控制病情和预防并发症的必要条件。自我效能感是糖尿病患者成功进行自我护理的因素之一。本研究的主要目的是估计糖尿病自我效能感的比例，并评估糖尿病自我效能感与血糖控制以及2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者幸福感之间的相关性。次要目的是评估与糖尿病自我效能感相关的因素。
在印度喀拉拉邦特里凡得琅政府医学院外展中心的非传染性疾病诊所对T2DM患者进行了一项分析性横断面研究。400名T2DM患者纳入研究。通过斯坦福糖尿病自我效能量表评估糖尿病自我效能感，使用WHO-5指数量表评估幸福感。通过糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）估计确定血糖控制情况，HbA1C≤7%为良好控制。
在400名T2DM患者中，51.25%（95%置信区间：46.2 - 56.2）具有较高的糖尿病自我效能感。发现HbA1C与自我效能感之间存在显著负相关（r = -0.208，p = 0.01），幸福感与自我效能感之间存在正相关（r = 0.418，p = 0.01）。逻辑回归分析发现，与糖尿病自我效能感相关的因素有较高的社会经济地位（比值比[OR] = 8.53，95%置信区间：3.06 - 13.82）、家庭支持（OR = 1.97，95%置信区间：1.10 - 3.54）、参加糖尿病教育课程（OR = 1.95，95%置信区间：1.10 - 3.54）、饮食依从性（OR = 4.74，95%置信区间：2.80 - 8.01）、血糖控制（OR = 1.69，95%置信区间：1.01 - 2.84）和总体幸福感（OR = 6.7，95%置信区间：3.84 - 11.64）。
高糖尿病自我效能感的比例为51.25%（95%置信区间：46.2 - 56.2）。与糖尿病自我效能感相关的因素有家庭支持、参加糖尿病教育课程、较高的社会经济地位、无并发症、良好的血糖控制和幸福感。研究结果表明，高自我效能感与T2DM患者良好的血糖控制和幸福感显著相关。
